Biomass, Biofuels The Inra analysis and research strategy

1. Biomass, Biofuels The Inra analysis and research strategy

2. In EU, in France, bioenergy increase is driven by 2 forces with a major challenge for agriculture Fuel security benefits -20% GHG emissions in 2020 • Peak oil • Rising oil prices • & imports • Geopolitical • instability Environmental benefits Additional markets for farmers Rural development benefits

3. The market created by fossil fuels substitution and carbon fossil chemistry is hugely higher than the biomass (renewable carbon) availability at different space scales (world, national, local) Moreover, this new demand is highly diverse : from bioenergy (heat, electricity, biofuels…), chemistry (cosmetics,commodities…),materials (fibres, composites…) Key-questions : How to setup the priority, at short & long term, for the “world farm” to the farmer, on which kind of criteria? Which kind of learning curve from now to 2030?

4. Key issues for agriculture • It’s a challenge for agriculture at the world level • Biomass resources and/or land availability is and will be the limiting factor • How to position the cursor between food and non food production? • Biomass production has to be sustainable and accepted by all the partners (from the chain and from the society)

5. Strategy in order to decrease pressure on land use Biomass production has to be efficient per unit area Use of the whole crop more than the use of storage organs, development of the “biorefinery” concept Enlarge the background for biomass resources : use of lignocellulosic feedstocks (from agriculture to forestry through biologic urban wastes) A new priority for research : lignocellulosic feedstocks

6. French specificities • Due to nuclear power, needs in bioelectricity is limited, • Due to the lack of heat network, cogeneraton (heat + electricity) is limited to agroindustrial situation • Due to political decision, liquid biofuels is a national priority based upon two major chains : i) biodiesel from rape and sunflower) and ii) ethanol (ETBE, E85 recently) from sugar beet and wheat

7. The French plan of development of the biofuels The French government decided to go beyond European directives by laying down ambitious objectives of incorporation of biofuels in fuels: 5,75% (energy value) in 2008, 7% in 2010 and 10% by 2015. Since May 2005, 3.780.000 tons of new agreements were delivered including 2.795.000 tons of biodiesel, 900.000 tons of ethanol and 85.000 tons are equivalent ethanol of ETBE. In addition to the development of the existing factories, 21 new factories, including 6 producing ethanol and 15 of the biodiesel, will be built in 14 regions. The investment for the whole of these projects is estimated at more 1,2 billion euros, the number of employment created or consolidated is estimated at more than 30.000.

8. Ethanol plant in France (2008 situation) TEREOS Origny (02) sugarbeets – Cereals Projet = 105 kt SOUFFLET Nogent sur Seine (10) Cereals Projet = 160 kt CRISTAL UNION Bazancourt (51) Sugarbeets-Cereals Projet = 280 kt TEREOS Lillebonne (76) Cereals Projet = 220 kt ROQUETTE Beinheim (68) Cereals Projet = 160 kt Target of industrial capacity: 1.105.000 tons AB BIOENERGY Lacq (64) Cereal - Vinic Alcohol Projet = 180 kt 8

9. Scientific strategy for Inra, a chain oriented approach (1/2) • To improve the efficiency of the first generation biofuels through a special focus on byproducts and green chemistry • To develop the second generation biofuels (biological way) based upon lignocellulose with three levels of interest : • -adaptation and mobilisation of the biomass (common with thermochemical process) • - process research with pretreatment, cellulose hydrolysis and pentose fermentation • - setup an industrial pilot plant with partners

10. Scientific strategy for Inra, Biomass is only a part of a more global system (2/2) • Systemic approach and multicriteria evaluation (technical, environment, economic) of these different chains, at different levels (North-south relationships, “French” farm, individual farm, supply area level…) • Micro and macroeconomy, interaction food/nonfood markets • Acceptability of these chains by economic actors and by the public… • Insertion in existing agricultural systems, consequences on land use and rural development…

11. An approach based on a well focused partnership Inside Inra : Carbio programme Between French research structures, in particular with IFP (French Petroleum Institute) and through ANR In relation with the French Clusters of competitiveness (mainly IAR Industry and Agroresources) and its industries. Example : Industrial pilot plant on biological second generation biofuels At the EU level through the 7th PCRD

12. Renewable Carbon, a challenge for the XXIst century… On the way of a society based on bioeconomy? > Numerous issues, global and long term questions in an uncertain environment, a crucial need for a systemic approach between land use requirements,… • Nethertheless, biomass availability is and will be a key-bottleneck • New questions for Inra or a new way to approach well known research areas such as carbon sequestration in soil… • An Inra contribution based upon a well focused partnership from university to the industry at regional, national, european and international level