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THE BRITISH PRESS

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIRNTIFIC OF UKRAINE DRAGOMANOW NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY Institute of Ukrainian philology and literary creativity of A. Malishka Foreign languages department. THE BRITISH PRESS. Performed by Dovgalyuck Marina Anatoliivna 508-um group Kyiv - 2013. Context.

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THE BRITISH PRESS

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  1. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIRNTIFIC OF UKRAINEDRAGOMANOW NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY Institute of Ukrainian philology and literary creativity of A. Malishka Foreign languages department THE BRITISH PRESS Performed by Dovgalyuck Marina Anatoliivna 508-um group Kyiv - 2013

  2. Context Introduction І. The History of the emergence of the press in the UK: 1.1. The first British Newspapers (end of XVI - the beginning of XVII century). II. Differentiation of newspapers XIX century: quality and popular. IІI. Modern British press: 3.1. Typology of newspapers; 3.2. Magazine editions. Conclusions Bibliography

  3. INTRODUCTIONJournalism is a part of world culture and an important part of social development. It is the phenomenon of creation and policies, and in the aggregate, is one of the most important phenomena of the modern civilization.The emergence of journalism in Britain was prepared by the whole course of its economic, socio-political and cultural development. Development of book printing, the expansion of trade, including international, in the process of national formation, development and improvement of the language to create a complex of the preconditions for the emergence of periodical press. The appearance of the first edition, which preceded the creation of a daily print newspaper, falls on the end of the XV - beginning of XVI century.Now the UK continues to occupy one of leading places in the world on a saturation of the press. National or local newspaper read three of the four Englishmen. Published in the country 160 daily Newspapers, 1300 weeklies.

  4. І. The History of the emergence of the press in the UK English history keeps the majestic monuments of the epoch to beginning of letter, are invaluable information about the life of the peoples who inhabited the British Isles. The inhabitants of the British Isles sought news (the last third of the XV century), although such a word in English. But his appearance was time, and (according to one version) formed the word “news” in an original way. Since the news came from all four sides of the world, and it was decided to take out the names of each side of the world in the first letters: “n” - “north” (“North”), “e” - “east” (“East”), “w” - “west” (“West”) and “s” - “south” (“South”). So, in the first half of the XV century in England, and in other Western European countries (France, Belgium etc.) appear and gradually extended the first - even handwritten - sheets news. In England they were known as “news”.

  5. The first British Newspapers (end of XVI - the beginning of XVII century)To counter anti-government leaves- pamphlets, which, as noted in the documents, spread false rumours and insulting for the Royal court, slanderous attacks against the government”, - was allowed to exit the official newspaper “English mercury”(“English Bulletin”). The first issue appeared on 23 July 1588, with this date is usually associated appearance of periodical press in England, although this edition still very little was similar to the modern newspaper. Its founder was a printer Elizabeth.In 20 – 30’s of the XVII century in England was the first professional peddlers-distributors of printed word, the so-called “mercury” - distributors, news bulletins.Before the revolution of 1640 - 1660's the king of England through the Star chamber to issue licenses for the establishment of printing and issue of printed products at a high price. There was created a special Company of printers and booksellers, which was to carry out the registration of printed products, publications. It was called “stationners - book”.Among the new editions of the greatest distribution was received by “messengers” (“mercurius”). This type publications include the popular weekly “A Perfect Journal” and the newspaper “Moderate”, issued of Mobbot’s.After the execution of king Charles I (was beheaded on 30 January 1649) and the establishment of the Republic in England began an attack on the freedom of the press. In 1656, when O. Cromwell restored censorship in full, in England issued only 2 official newspaper “Mercurius politicus” and “The weekly reference book of the Commonwealth”.In the second half XVII century in England appears first magazine (on 5 January 1665, in Paris)“Journal de shroud” (“Journal of scientists; in another translation of “The Diary of scientists”) with a delay of several weeks in England appeared journal “The Philosophical works of the Royal society”,edited by Henry Oldenberg.

  6. John Walter (1739 - 1812) Face of Journalism in England James Perry (1756 - 1821)

  7. Philip Francis Thomas Paine

  8. II. Differentiation of newspapers XIX century: quality and popular The first classic qualitative publications in the UK (“The Times”, “The Economist, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph”, “The Financial Times”) emerged in the era of the industrial revolution and the primary accumulation of capital. The canons of quality press: • wide geographical and thematic range; 2. the emphasis on political and economic subjects; 3. interpretation journalism; 4. the accuracy of the facts, multiplied by the well-founded conclusions; 5. the differentiation of the material and the comments by the journalistic responsibility; 6. well-established publishing; 7. black and white photos; 8. a special journalistic style -journalese.

  9. Historically, the British press distributed on the “qualitative” (quality press, broadsheet, “heavies”) covering the current socio-political events and “yellow” (penny-press, tabloid, yellow press), specializing in the scandalous stories. In the XIX century finally formed the main types of English newspapers: • 1) national daily morning; • 2) the London evening; • 3) morning and evening regional; • 4) Sunday; • 5) weekly regional. Such a classification of Newspapers still exists today.

  10. Quality Newspapers • The most influential and the oldest daily newspaper in the country - the «Times», founded in 1785, has a circulation of 651 thousand copies. • All these publications are owned by the newspaper trust, Murdoch's news international.

  11. Spokesmen for the views of the moderate left-wing and liberal circles are for the newspaper: The owner of the newspaper since 1999, is a publisher Trinity Mirror. Daily newspaper circulation in March 2012 amounted to 1,083,938. • founded in 1821, the circulation of 400 thousand copies founded in 1986 with a circulation of 250 thousand copies

  12. Major publications (by circulation) - a newspaper tabloids, «The news of the world”, founded in 1843, the circulation of 3.78 million copies, and «San», “Daily”, founded in 1964, the circulation of 3.4 million copies.

  13. The main daily political newspaper conservative and right direction:«The daily Telegraph», founded in 1855, the circulation of 920 thousand copies.; «Daily mail», founded in 1896 with a circulation of more than 2 million copies, and «Daily Express», founded in 1900. The interests of British business circles reflects the daily newspaper «Financial times», founded in 1888, the circulation of 90 thousand copies. The most popular Sunday Newspapers“News of the world, the Sunday People», “The Sunday mirror and the Sunday Express”. So, There are also more than 6.5 thousand periodicals, including trade and technical journals and home magazines for individual companies and organizations.

  14. Magazine editions The era of women's magazines starts in 1693, the "Lady's mercury". This magazine dealt with such topics as utensils for food and drinks, arrangement of rooms, gardening, jewelry, women's jewelry, fashion. The first "full" magazines considered to be two English magazines: "Tattler (1709)."("Chatterbox“1711) and "Spectator" ("Viewer"). In the XIX century are such thematic groups of logs: 1)socio-political "Edinburgh review"("Edinburgh review", 1802), "Quarterly review" ("three-monthly review", 1809), "Political register" (1802), "Fortnightly review" ("two-week review", 1865); economic "The Economist" (1843), "The Statist" (1878); the "Yellow book (1894), "Savoy" (1897); 2) cultural and artistic ("for the movie let out more than 30 names of various publications, theater - about 20, ballet - 10, literature and fiction, over 40, art - more than 10 names" 3) popular science (science and technology until the beginning of 1960 was about one thousand periodicals); 4) magazines for home reading "Forget me not" (“Don't forget me", 1891), "Home chat" (1895).

  15. Conclusions Probably is no other country are there such greate differences between the various national daily newspapers. On the one hahd there are the “quality” newspapers: “The Times”, “The Independent”, “The Guardian”, “The Financial Times”, The Daily Telegraph” (reports about major national and international events? With the world of politics and business, the arts and sport). On the other hand – there are “populars” and “tabloids”, so-called because of their smaller size. The tabloids – the most widely read of which are “The Daily Mail”, The Daily Express”, “The Daily Mirror”, “The Sun” – concentrate on more emotive reporting of stories often featuring violence, the Royal tamily, film and pop stars, sport. Newspapers in UK are mostly owned by publishing companies, and the editors of the papers are ussuaally allowed considerate freedoom of expression.

  16. Bibliography • Rooney D. Thirty years of Competition in the British Tabloid Press // Tabloid Tales: Global Debates over Media Standards. — New York and Oxford. - 2000. – p. 10-13. • Snoddy R. The good, the bad and the acceptable: The hard news about the British press. — London. — 1992. – p. 22 - 45. • Thomson Robert. New Times, good times // British journalism review. - 2005. – p. 17 – 30. • Van Zoonen L. Popular Culture as Political Communication: An Introduction // The Public. - 2000. - № 7(2). – p. 45 –56. • Мелещенко О. К. Історія журналістики Великобританії: Конспект лекцій / Київський ун-т ім. Тараса Шевченка; Ін-т журналістики. – К.: ВПЦ “Київський університет”. - 2010. – 242 с. • Михайлов С. А. История зарубежных СМИ : учеб. пособ. / С. А. Михайлова. — С. Пб. : Изд-во Михайлова В. А., 2006. — 256 с.

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