The 10 Best Colleges for Engineering in America 2018

1. T H E www.theknowledgereview.com NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success University of Notre Dame: Building on a 175-year Legacy

4. Editorial T deep impact on humans’ lives. The current wave of IT and telecommunication services have further fuelled the growth of innovation. In current times, many charismatic and enthralling innovations are making news all around the world. ‘‘ he word ‘science’ when echo into ears, the first thing comes to mind is innovation and curiosity. Plenty of innovation has taken place in this world since the evolution of mankind that has made a The disastrous effects of CO2 emission are surfacing in the world in the form of global warming. Rise in temperature, glacier melting, sea level rise are not only affecting the ecological system but also seen as an alarm bell for the future of humanity in this planet. But scientists have now invented a revolutionary way to turn CO2 into stone which is seen as a pragmatic solution to curb global warming. Scientists have pushed CO2 into the volcanic rock where the basalts react with the gas to form carbonate minerals, which turned up into limestone. Generally, this process takes thousands of years to turn CO2 into limestone but this new method has made that happen in just two years. Fascinating World of Science that is leading towards Enthralling Inventions Another notable milestone in recent times is the invention of solar cells that can have the potential to generate energy not only from sunlight but from raindrop as well. The scientists coated solar panels with a thin layer of graphene to exploit the Lewis acid-base interaction, which turned into generating power even in a less-than-ideal weather condition. The invention of the largest prime number is also very fascinating. Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) in 2017 found that the largest prime number is 277,232,917 − 1, a number with 23,249,425 digits. It would not have been possible to believe that electronic data can be stored for 13.8 billion years, had I told you this fact some 20 years ago, when IT was in its nascent stage. But now scientists have developed a nano-structured glass-looking device which can store data up to 360TB and can remain unhampered even in a temperature up to 1000 degrees. And the average life of this nano structured device is more fascinating, i.e 13.8 billion years. There are plenty more thrilling inventions and advancements happening in the world of science which are closely seen by citizens all across as the ultimate impact of all these invention will lead towards the better future of humanity and mankind. But to continue this trend of innovation, our universities and educational institutes also should be able to supply the talent that our industry is looking for. With simulation based training environment, robust industry oriented curriculum, and advanced IT enabled laboratories, we can nurture future scientists that can have the potential to invent much more fascinating things that this world desperately needs. Ultimately, it is the education and the quality of it that will decide the future course of innovation. T R Ashwini Deshmukh

5. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Pooja M. Bansal SENIOR EDITOR Jason Mendaz MANAGING EDITOR Rajarshi Chatterjee EXECUTIVE EDITORS Ashwini Deshmukh ASSISTANT EDITORS Ryan Sanchez CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Ananda Das David King VISUALISER ART & DESIGN DIRECTOR Amol Kamble CO-DESIGNER PICTURE EDITOR ART EDITOR Alex Noel Shweta Ambilwade Priyanka Rajage BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER MARKETING MANAGER Phill Miller Steve Smith David, Kevin SALES EXECUTIVE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT EXECUTIVES Frank, Amy, Pallav, Sandra RESEARCH ANALYST Chidiebere Moses CIRCULATION MANAGER Robert DATABASE MANAGEMENT Stella Andrew TECHNICAL HEAD David Stokes TECHNOLOGY CONSULTANT Robert TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS Amar, Pratiksha DIGITAL MARKETING MANAGER ONLINE MARKETING STRATEGISTS SME-SMO EXECUTIVES Marry D’Souza Alina Sege, Shubham Mahadik, Vaibhav K Prashant Chevale, Uma Dhenge, Gemson, Irfan March 2018 CORPORATE OFFICE 555 Metro Place North, Suite 100,Dublin, OH 43017, United States Contact No.: (614)-602-1754; (614)-472-4768 Email: info@theknowledgereview.com For Subscription: www.theknowledgereview.com T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success Copyright © 2018 Insights Success, All rights reserved. The content and images used in this magazine should not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from Insights success. Reprint rights remain solely with Insights Success. The Knowledge Review is powered by Insights Success.

6. CON 22Gem's in Engineering E S Masterpiece's Engineering Marvels that Stunned the World Articles 08 INCLUSIVENESS AT INSTITUTIONS How to Bring Diverse Students to a Common Ground at the Colleges & Universities 28 Cover Story Cover Story TIME-KILLING ACT Procrastination: The Science behind this Time-Killing Act and the Techniques to stop it UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME: Building on a 175-year Legacy 42 FINANCIAL-AID Scholarships in the USA for Engineering Students 34 TOP-TREND U.S, Among the Most ‘Sought-After’ Study Destination for Engineering 18

7. 20 20 MIAMI DADE COLLEGE: Providing an Exceptional Learning Experience 26 26 NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: A Leader in Educational Excellence 32 32 SUNY POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE: Globally Recognized Leader in Higher Education and Technology Innovation 38 38 WIDENER UNIVERSITY: A Trusted and Desired Educator of Philadelphia Region

8. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in The 10 Best Colleges for Engineering in America 2018 W aspiration. hile every bachelor’s degree has its own significance, but when it comes to aiming for pinnacle, engineering education leads the race. Every student aspires to live a lavish lifestyle without the dearth of any resources, and engineering education is one such path that promises to fulfill such Not only in contemporary era, but since medieval ages the world has witnessed engineering marvels which have pulled everyone’s attention towards it. Those engineering masterpieces also have encouraged many people especially students to look after this career path on a serious note. Creativity, innovation, logical reasoning, critical thinking, problem solving ability and soft skills are the core ethos of engineering which make a great engineer. Without these traits, no matter how well a student performs in the examination, will find it difficult to reach the top destination. Nurturing and inculcating these traits becomes vital for an overall development of student and to make them future ready for any challenges. To uncover the curtain and to spread the light regarding the top engineering education providers, we have come up with this issue of “The 10 Best Colleges for Engineering in America 2018”. This issue features those engineering colleges who have built a strong repute with their excellent curriculum, robust infrastructure, expert faculty and exceptional placement services. University of Notre Dame is a private, not-for-profit Catholic university based in Indiana. Sprawling over 1,250 acres, Notre Dame is recognized as one of the top universities in the world. New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is committed to the pursuit of excellence in undergraduate, graduate and continuing professional education. SUNY Polytechnic Institute transform students’ lives through the power of education by providing access to affordable associate and baccalaureate degree programs, in addition to graduate programs, and workforce development programs. Widener University endeavors to educate students who will engage and lead today’s increasingly diverse society.Miami Dade College has an excellent learning environment that challenges students and empowers them to attain their academic goals. St. Cloud State University,Michigan Technological University, East Valley Institute of Technology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology and Northwestern State University of Louisiana are some other prominent engineering colleges that are known for their exemplary academic offerings. Our in-house editors have crafted some captivating articles on interesting topics as well to broaden the reader’s knowledgebase. So do flip the pages and enjoy reading. T R

11. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in We combine technical inquiry with a creative bent to develop innovations that can improve the health, well-being, and quality of life for all people. Our mission is to create and transfer knowledge that reflects a profound and complete respect for the dignity of all people and for the greater good of humanity. Founded in 1842, the University of Notre Dame is a private, not-for-profit Catholic university based in Indiana. Sprawling over 1,250 acres, Notre Dame is recognized as one of the top universities in the world. With a student representation from all 50 states and more than 100 countries, Notre Dame has built a reputation as a place where faith is treasured, diverse traditions are shared and respected, and rigorous academic standards are applied. Strong curricula across its many programs, NCAA Division I athletics, and numerous service and extracurricular opportunities create a dynamic learning environment in which students learn and live to their fullest capacity. The University’s alumni count is considered strongest among U.S. colleges, and it is one of the few universities that regularly rank among the top 25 in the U.S. by the annual U.S. News & World Report survey.

12. Dean of Notre Dame Engineering Peter Kilpatrick is the Matthew H. McCloskey Dean of Engineering. He joined the University in January 2008. Prior to this, he served at North Carolina State University as the head of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. Academic Offerings and Extracurricular Activities The University provides a wide range of academic programs through its College of Engineering, College of Arts and Letters, College of Science, Mendoza College of Business, School of Architecture, and the Keough School of Global Affairs. Within the College of Engineering, there are five departments offering a variety of degree options — aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil and environmental engineering and earth sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering. It also offers a wide range of study abroad options and the Integrated Engineering and Business Practices Curriculum that is extremely popular among students and employers. In addition to exemplary academic offerings, Notre Dame and the College of Engineering offer a multitude of local and global service opportunities so students may begin using their technical skills to impact the lives of those around them, from local food drives to Notre Dame Students Empowering through Engineering Development. Kilpatrick believes that to nurture leadership in engineering, students must possess four C’s: Competence, Compassion, Commitment, and Character. To that end, he has been instrumental in the development of academic programs, enhanced facilities, and new buildings, all aimed at supporting student growth and success while at the University and after graduation. A proficient teacher and exemplary researcher, Kilpatrick has a deep expertise in colloidal and interfacial science. His work in the colloidal and molecular properties of crude oil and biological membranes is well- recognized and is focused on making energy more efficient and better for the environment. Accomplishments • The University of Notre Dame received $138.1 million in research funding for the fiscal year (FY) 2017. This

13. Becoming an Engineer amount surpassed the previous record of $133.7 million in FY 2015. Although they do not have to declare a major until the beginning of their sophomore year, first-year students at Notre Dame who have indicated an interest in engineering start their University career with a course sequence that introduces them to the different engineering disciplines. These hands-on courses help students identify areas of interest while also giving them unique firsthand experiences working as engineers individually and in teams. • Notre Dame’s College of Engineering will lead a new $26 million research center focusing on improving the performance, efficiency, and capabilities of next-generation computing technologies. • Chemical engineers at the University of Notre Dame are contributing their expertise in materials development and modeling to a new $19.7 million research center that focuses on new methods of converting shale gas reserves into chemicals and transportation fuel. Students also have a variety of research opportunities available to them all year round. From the Notre Dame Nanofabrication Facility to the Energy Center, engineering undergraduates work in labs side by side with internationally known faculty and with graduate students. However, the value of a Notre Dame degree is not only in the things one learns and the experiences one gains but also in learning “how to learn,” because an individual’s ability to learn and adapt to meet the needs of society is critical for success as an engineer. • Researchers in the College of Engineering have developed a novel platform to accurately detect and identify the presence and severity of peanut allergies, without directly exposing patients to the allergens. • The College of Engineering is also building one of the country’s largest quiet hypersonic wind tunnels on the Notre Dame campus.

14. • Majors Night: Majors Night gives first-year students a chance to talk to faculty and other students (already in specific programs) in order to find out more about the different majors before choosing a program. Diversity Spurs Creativity and Innovation Multiethnic, multilingual peoples come from across the globe to America and represent multiple faiths and traditions. A true melting pot, America is one of the most diverse nations on Earth. Notre Dame understands and welcomes the benefits of such diversity. It spurs creativity while encouraging different views and approaches in order to develop solutions to the challenges this world is facing. • Energy Week: For more than a decade, this campus- wide event has highlighted energy-related research and issues. Activities include films, speakers, tours of the Notre Dame power plant, and more. • GE Girls Summer Camp: For five years running, GE, Notre Dame’s College of Engineering students and alumnae, and the South Bend Schools have teamed up to give girls in grades 6-9 a taste of what it is like to be an engineer. The weeklong camp exposes these young women to different fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. That is why it is important to the University and the College of Engineering that all programs represent the demographics of the country. Notre Dame remains committed to excellence and dedicated to the growth and development of all students and faculty in order to ensure diversity and inclusivity. One example is the College of Engineering’s consistent record in admitting women to its programs (approximately twice than the national average). Financial Aid at Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame is one of the 66 colleges nationally that is committed to providing financial aid to undergraduate students for all four years. More than half of last year’s first-year students who applied for financial aid received an average need-based scholarship of $37,400. Popular Events Held on Campus Everyone has heard of Notre Dame football, and home games (for all sports) are all very popular. But there are some other events that are pretty popular too. • Nearly 75 percent of undergraduate students receive some form of financial aid. • Engineering Industry Day: This annual career fair provides opportunities for engineering students to interact with potential employers for full-time employment and internships. • Approximately 50 percent of first-year students receive University aid.

15. What Notre Dame Engineering Students Say “Whatever a person is going through, Notre Dame students lift one another up instead of bringing each other down. You are not alone. There is a focus on the whole person instead of a single dimension, and it makes a difference.” — Katherine Shih, mechanical engineering and mathematics “Engineering is difficult, but it teaches you that failure is okay. Learning how to solve a problem from a failure is the most important skill I have learned.” — Theodore Dilenschneider, chemical engineering “From an early age, I have known that in whatever I do for a job I wanted to help people. I think that developing a deeper faith in life has made me more sure of myself and the gifts I have been given. It has helped me to discern the next steps and recognize where I am being called.” — Claire Nauman, environmental engineering “I talked to some Notre Dame alumni at home and realized that coming here would not be a typical college experience. It is more a family-like bond that will last a lifetime.” — Matthew Perez, computer science T R engineering.nd.edu

16. Check should be drawn in favor of : 555 Metro Place North, Suite 100, Dublin, OH 43017, United States Phone - (614)-602-1754,(302)-319-9947

17. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in URL Name of the Institution Location of the Institution East Valley Institute of Technology evit.com 1601 W Main St, Mesa, AZ 85201, USA 11380 NW 27th Ave. Miami, FL 33167-3495 (North Campus) Miami Dade College mdc.edu Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931, USA mtu.edu New Jersey Institute of Technology 323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA njit.edu New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology nmt.edu 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801, USA Northwestern State University of Louisiana 175 Sam Sibley Dr, Natchitoches, LA 71457, USA nsula.edu St. Cloud State University stcloudstate.edu 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA 100 Seymour Road, Utica, NY 13502 and 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203, USA SUNY Polytechnic Institute sunypoly.edu University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA nd.edu Widener University One University Pl, Chester, PA 19013, USA widener.edu

20. TOP-TREND U.S, Study Destination for Engineering E we can notice that engineering, as a course has not lost its gleam. A large number of students are still enrolling for this course due to the new promising opportunities. Students, who choose to pursue a career in engineering, are more confused about choosing the right college to get enrolled in. Due to the global demand there are countless educational institutions who are offering engineering courses. But yes, the best is what attracts both the parents and students. Downpour of Choices Among the Most 'Sought-After' ngineering is a vast and a global subject and hence there are immense things an engineer can do in order to better the society. The recent advancements due to technology have introduced a new world of possibilities for an engineer. The only limitations placed here are one’s imaginations. With passing time The United States has more than 300 universities which are recognized by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET); the national organization that ensures standard competence among the engineering colleges. On a count, there are more than 200 universities which offer courses in mechanical engineering and almost about 300 universities offer courses in computer or electrical engineering. Apart from these major streams, U.S universities also offering degrees in agricultural engineering (31), construction engineering (25), manufacturing engineering (31), environmental engineering (80), biomedical engineering (62), software engineering (22), and more. Globally Renowned Academia Putting aside the ‘specific major’, one of the most outstanding features influencing the universities chosen by students is its reputation. U.S has some of the best renowned universities that offer engineering programs. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, University of California, Berkeley (UCB), California Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, University of Texas at Austin, Prude University and Princeton University are few of the best universities that offer engineering. Nevertheless, there is no need for an introduction to these universities as these are few of the globally renowned colleges in engineering discipline. They are not only accepted for their academic excellence, but also for other varied reasons. Another major aspect of studying in these universities is the flexibility of the educational system. During the undergraduate level, students can choose different courses before deciding their choice for major. Hence, students find enough time to explore and find their interests accordingly. 18 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

21. Students studying in these universities are now flooded with the latest high-tech tools, introduced to the new and developed technologies along with top researchers of the field as teachers. This shapes the students for their better future. Employment Prospects International degree in engineering has countless opportunities all around the globe and now added with the benefit of graduating from US will be a further advantage. Being placed in one of the world’s largest economy, students are now open to wide range of career options. It is observed by most of the researchers that engineers based in the U.S tend to earn much higher salaries than their equivalents in other countries. According to a survey conducted by PayScale , the average salary of an engineer in the U.S is US $76,061 approximately. The students can get a chance of working in U.S. after completing the engineering course. The U.S government allows companies to employ foreign workers in arenas like engineering provided that they possess an accredited qualification from an U.S institution. Apart from that the international students are given an option of working on campus up to 20 hours a week. Most of the students utilize this time to find an appropriate intern program that would be helpful for them in the near future. The Diverse Culture and Campus Life Needless to say, most memorable days of a student are the days spent in school and colleges. The freedom, life style and fun filled life at American campuses are not new to anyone. The student experiences a change in culture, style and everything else. They are exposed to people from all over the world and thus introduced to a world of diversified culture. The campus life in the American colleges is not just about attending classes and lectures. The students here are encouraged to take part in other programs like sports, art and other co-curricular activities. Almost all the universities have an international student unit which takes care of the wellbeing of the international students and answers their queries. Studying in U.S, not only benefits the international students with helping them receive a degree, but they are being trained by some of the dedicated professors. With the advanced technologies and guidance from the industry experts, a student is well trained to engineer his way into the world and create masterpieces. T R 19 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

22. Miami Dade College: Providing an Exceptional Learning Experience The College aims to change lives through accessible, high-quality teaching and learning experiences and embraces its responsibility to serve as an economic, cultural and civic leader for the advancement of a diverse global community. Miami Dade College, located in Miami, Florida, was founded in 1959. MDC has an excellent learning environment that challenges students and empowers them to attain their academic goals. It offers everyone with a desire to learn and improve their lives access to quality higher education regardless of a person’s race, ethnicity, religion, gender, political affiliation or immigration status. This college promotes diversity at all eight of its campuses; students from 190 nations who speak 90 languages attend the College every day. It has the largest undergraduate enrollment in America with more than 160,000 students. MDC is an incubator of inclusion and success and imbues this message of diversity into the entire student experience. Courses and Pedagogy Miami Dade College offers bachelor’s degrees, associate degrees, and certificate programs in art, humanities, communications, design, business, education, health science, technology, engineering, mathematics and more. MDC is committed to community engagement, innovation, specialized training and partnerships. It offers cutting-edge programs in fashion, data analytics, cyber security, business intelligence, cloud computing, digital forensics, mechatronics, virtual and augmented reality, digital marketing, the Internet of Things and much more.The 20 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

23. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in About the President Dr. Eduardo Padrón is the President of Miami Dade College, one of the largest institutions of higher education in America. He arrived in the United States as a teenage refugee in 1961 and since 1995 he has served as president of the College. An economist by training, Dr. Padrón earned his Ph.D. from the University of Florida. Under Dr. Padrón’s leadership, Miami Dade College has received national recognition for its catalytic effect on social and economic change, and the marked difference the College has made in student access and success. He is widely recognized as one of the top educational leaders in the world. In 2009, Time magazine included him on the list of “The 10 Best College Presidents.” In 2010, Florida Trend magazine named him “Floridian of the Year.” In 2011, The Washington Post titled him one of “The Eight Most Influential College Presidents” in the U.S. In 2015, he was inducted into the U.S. News and World Report STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Hall of Fame. In 2016, President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom for being a prominent national voice for access and inclusion in higher education. trendsetting Idea Center of the College is the region’s hub for entrepreneurial training. well as mentoring and internships. Moreover, in almost all programs, there is a national industry and corporate partner that allows the College to funnel skilled, job-ready graduates directly into well-paying jobs. The Advisement and Career Services Department of the College provides state-of-the-art computerized job placement services and other job search links, personalized employment advisement and career counseling. This department also runs workshops that enhance employability skills such as resume writing and interviewing as well as other activities that promote employment opportunities, career assessment and planning. higher, which makes the first two years of study at the College completely free to those who qualify. Notable Alumni Who Made MDC Proud By providing an open door of opportunity to all, MDC has played an invaluable role in creating the next generation of community and world leaders. MDC alumni are the most influential leaders of the top industries in Greater Miami, from the financial sector and public services to the arts and entertainment, from legal circles to development, healthcare, hospitality and many others. In national and statewide politics, MDC alumni include U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, U.S. Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, and Florida’s Lt. Gov. Carlos López- Cantera.The principal dancer at the Martha Graham Dance Company, the artistic director at Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, and Grammy Award-winning musical director Alex Lacamoire are all MDC alumni. “Words of Trust” “MDC provides an affordable platform for students to achieve their potential. This institution has given me the key to leave behind my insecurities by appreciating my uniqueness and developing my talents. I have been reassured of my capacity to make myself heard in the STEM field, which is still led by men.” - Sabrina Romero, Graduate in Computer Science “This institution has amazing programs, such as The Honors College, with small classes that allow me to have a closer approach to my instructors. Miami Dade College gives me the possibility of traveling abroad and gaining cultural awareness and global perspective.” - Rachel Fernandez Diaz, Graduate in Biology Financial Aids for Students Miami Dade College provides some of the greatest educational value in America, combining low tuition cost with high quality. More than 90 percent of students graduate entirely debt free. Most students at MDC qualify for Pell Grants, and the College offers hundreds of options for scholarships and financial aid. It also offers its renowned American Dream Scholarship for all students graduating from accredited high schools in Miami-Dade County with a 3.0 GPA or T R Career Development Activities for Students ? Miami Dade College has an advisory board composed of industry leaders who provide guidance for programs as 21 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

24. Masterpiece's 22 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

25. Also known as the bird’s nest can withstand an earthquake of up to magnitude 8 on the Richter scale. • Built up Cost: $428 Million • Seating Capacity: 91,000 Spectators • Made up of steel with a combined weight of 49,600 tons which can lay up to 36 kilometers • Manpower used: 9000 at the peak of work It is the world’s longest (57.5 kilometers) and deepest (2.25 kilometers) tunnel. • Rock excavated: 28.2 million tons • Material used: Almost 2000 miles of Copper cable • Project Cost: $US 10.3 Billion • Manpower used: Almost 2000 construction workers had worked day and night since 1999 It is one of the biggest dams in the world’s that also has largest power station in terms of installed capacity. • 510,000 tons of steel was used • Power generated (18,200 megawatts) by this dam is equivalent to burning 25 million tons of crude oil or 50 million tons of coal • It has water storage capacity of approx.39 billion cubic meters • Project cost: $25 billion 23 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

26. It is a device that is built with the aim to assist physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics, as well as other unresolved questions of physics. • 10,000 notable scientists from over 100 countries worked day and night for over 10 years to build this marvel • Cost occurred in Finding Higgs Boson: $13.25 Billion • Operating cost: $1 billion each year; Electricity costs alone costs $23.4 million annually, while computing costs needed $286 million each year Palm Islands are one of the most fascinating manmade islands that consists of 300 islands, these islands covers an area of 3.7 miles by 5.6 miles. • Material used: 32 million cubic meters of sand and 7 million tons of rock was used to build this architectural archipelago • Estimated Cost: $14 billion • Smallest & Largest Island Size: 120,000 sqft and 450,000 sqft • 100 meters of clean water separates each island T R 24 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

28. New Jersey Institute of Technology A Leader in Educational Excellence The public research university is committed to the pursuit of excellence in undergraduate, graduate and continuing professional education. It conducts research for the creation of knowledge that lays the foundation for bringing about advances in engineering practices, and provides service to the NJIT community, engineering profession and the society at large. Unrivaled Educational and Infrastructural Facilities Founded in 1881 as the Newark Technical School, New Jersey Institute of Technology(NJIT) is currently one of only 32 public polytechnic universities in the nation. NJIT continues to be a catalyst for the development of the highly needed science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce, as nationally the demand for STEM graduates exceeds the supply. NJIT offers a multidisciplinary curriculum that also features architecture, design and business supported by the power of STEM. NJIT ranks number one in the nation for “student upward economic mobility” realized by its graduates, according to a New York Times study. The university takes its role as an innovative, industry-ready problem solver seriously which is demonstrated through its academic curriculum and applied research. 26 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

29. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in Judicious Leadership in Engineering Moshe Kam is the Dean of Newark College of Engineering. He is a Ph.D. and PE, and an educator and a researcher. He is a former President and CEO of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Dr. Kam says “Our teaching and research laboratories are advanced and vibrant places where individuals with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests work together on intellectual and practical pursuits. We are interested not only in advancing theory and the state-of-the-art in the areas of our study, but also in translating abstract ideas and theoretical principles into working systems and devices. These are designed to contribute to the welfare, safety, longevity and comfort of humans, as well as to protect the environment and promote responsible use of natural resources.” With over 11,400 undergraduate and graduate students, NJIT earned national prominence by developing relevant academic programs taught by leading practitioners in their fields. Six of its specialized colleges – Newark College of Engineering, Albert Dorman Honors College, College of Science and Liberal Arts, College of Architecture and Design, Ying Wu College of Computing, and Martin Tuchman School of Management — offer over 128 degree programs. NJIT serves an ethnically diverse student body and is a top producer in New Jersey of engineering and architecture degrees to African-American and Hispanic students. In addition, in September 2017, NJIT opened its new Life Sciences and Engineering Center, a $21 million state-of-the-art research facility focused on improving healthcare through engineering. This four-story structure houses more than 20,000 square feet of shared laboratory and meeting spaces, information technology infrastructure, and cutting- edge scientific instrumentation and is designed to promote collaboration in fields ranging from biomedical engineering and the biological sciences to electrical engineering and healthcare technologies. NJIT has doubled the size of its campus in the last decade. Yun-Qing Shi, a groundbreaking computer engineer, best known for devising methods to hide and retrieve data embedded in digitized images and speech, has been named a 2017 Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. Future Endeavors A joint team from Kessler Foundation and New Jersey Institute of Technology is developing new applications for wearable robotic exoskeleton devices with a $5 million federal grant from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research. The two partner institutions are working together on the next generation of robotic exoskeletons to improve mobility and enable safer, more independent functioning for people with spinal cord injuries, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and stroke. The team, which includes NJIT Associate Professor Richard Foulds and Professor Sergei Adamovich of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, also will evaluate the efficacy of existing robots for restoring and expanding mobility to upper and lower extremities. Major Achievements and Accomplishments A strong applied research program is at the core of NJIT and the current funding for research is over $140 million annually. Moreover, Makerspace at NJIT, which opened in December 2017, is a 25,000 square- foot educational facility that is the largest of its kind in New Jersey. Makerspace at NJIT is a training- focused, rapid prototyping facility that offers students, faculty and staff hands- on learning with equipment ranging from small 3D printers to large industrial machining centers, such as precision measurement and laser cutting machines. In its evolution from a regional engineering college to a powerful research university, NJIT continues to hit milestones in research. NJIT's civil engineering program is ranked 9th nationwide by College Factual. Professor Treena Arinzeh, director of NJIT's Tissue Engineering and Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, won a grant from the University City Science Center in Philadelphia to commercialize technology to reduce the recovery time and cost associated with bone graft procedures. Moreover, T R njit.edu 27 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

30. How to Bring and? Diverse Students Diverse Students & & to a Common Ground at the romoting diversity in the educational environment has been the prime goal of the colleges and universities since decades. The global perspective allows the universities to view culturally and linguistically diverse students along with their parents and guardians. Diversity emphasizes on the marginalization of race, class, Colleges Universities Colleges Universities P culture, language, and gender orientation. Many discussions have had occurred on the significance of diversity and recognizing the difference. But it is equally important to move to the next step; integrating specific guidelines to address the difference and how they can get worked out. Students across the world have been speaking on the issues like racial injustice and gender violence. The faculties, campus administrators, and even students have been struggling to figure out the process to reduce marginalization and to create a friendly environment that accepts students from all backgrounds. Therefore, it has become mandatory to have a great approach to teaching and to learn to cope with various style of learning. 28 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

31. INCLUSIVENESS AT INSTITUTIONS Practice Quality Listening Alike the earlier days, professors are being challenged to make their set of teaching strategies wider to meet the expectations of students from the various diverse background. The way of teaching the younger generation exerts a powerful influence on their linguistic, social, and general educational development. There are some rock- solid principles aimed to foster inclusion of diverse students and positive cross-group relationships. These are the key point which assists educational institutions in creating an un-biased environment in the college or university campus. The skills of active listening are practiced to experience the way of empathy, and imagination to enter into another person’s frame of mind. This way of listening can promote the closeness and positive feeling towards others and also helps in reducing anxiety by moderating group membership. In this way, students can recognize their peers’ individual characteristics and group identities. The Equilibrium between Acceptance and Change Develop Optimal Conditions to Reduce Unfairness Everyone tries to maintain a balance between acceptance and change in themselves and others. An individual must accept the change in the environment instead of judging and trying to change others. By keeping equilibrium, one can recognize the responsibility of creating solutions to the dilemmas one has confronted. An inclusive community requires dealing with the anxiety of students regarding their culture, color, gender and language encounters. These anxieties complicate the student interactions. Therefore, a considerable amount of researchers suggest that communication between people of different races and ethnicities can reduce prejudice. Hence, it is important to have the support of relevant authorities, who share a common goal, and a sense of cooperation. Nurture the Compassion Researchers are consistently suggesting that people feel compassionate due to which they feel a personal connection. Therefore, the connection should be established among the concerns and sufferings of others through understanding and empathy. The students can explore the commonness among them which will create an unexpected connection. The practical approach of cultivating compassion includes common human values, and bridging communities. Foster Mindfulness Mindfulness is a process of being non-judgmental, entire awareness of thoughts, feelings and the surrounding environment. An educational survey suggests that ‘mindfulness’ helps to mitigate fears and anxieties, along with encouraging greater awareness of ones’ self. 29 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

32. Focus on Gratitude and Appreciation The researchers have documented the social and psychological benefits of gratitude. The teaching faculty should bring the findings into the classroom by searching and seeing the good in ideas, people, and beliefs, and by acknowledging the ways they can positively impact onto the students’ lives. One way to develop the skill of appreciation is through an exercise in which students are asked to express what they like about themselves as humans rather than their achievements. The universities should seek to develop unity among the diverse people in the group, each contributing their unique abilities, neglecting comparison and competition. Teachers should promote critical thinking when they make rules for the classroom and enable students to compare and contrast them with other cultures. Students can develop different cultural skills in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. The classrooms can be more inclusive by implementing self-reflective quality and crafting the potential classroom scenarios. Surely, a diverse classroom is an ideal laboratory to learn multiple perspectives of the global society. The students who learn to work and play along with their classmates from various cultures are better prepared to face the challenging world. The various exercises that deal with the diversity among students help them to cross the borders of unfairness and to reach a place of genuine understanding and connection. In order to bring equity at educational institutions, all universities should commit to making progressive movements. By following these practices, the students will embrace their uniqueness and promote a sense of common humanity towards social justice that would bring harmony, and build a strong and supportive environment at educational institutions. This initiative will make feel every student respected and valued at learning centers.T R 30 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

34. SUNY Polytechnic Institute: Globally Recognized Leader in Higher Education and Technology Innovation “Their mission is to transform students’ lives through the power of education by providing access to affordable associate and baccalaureate degree programs, in addition to graduate programs, and workforce development programs.” SUNY Polytechnic Institute (SUNY Poly) offers a robust residential life, underpinned by comfortable housing, healthy dining options to fuel students’ days and nights, and numerous student activities—from drone clubs to comedians and concert series, as well as presentations by leading experts. The myriad of clubs and activities create a memorable and meaningful student experience, enabling students to make the most of their lives at SUNY Poly. Wildcat Athletics offer opportunities to play and cheer for competitive NCAA Division III sports, from baseball and basketball to field hockey and volleyball. SUNY Polytechnic has what you need to stay fit from a variety of intramural sports to state-of-the-art fitness facilities. SUNY Poly also maintains a strong focus on keeping diversity and inclusion front and center as a cornerstone of its vibrant academic community, including people from all backgrounds in a welcoming campus community. The grant-funded Education Opportunity Program at SUNY Poly is an initiative enabling access and equity through a boost of assistance that can help pave the way toward a bright future, providing opportunities for all students who have the talent and drive to succeed and ensure they are not excluded from higher education. The Collegiate Science and Technology Entry Program (CSTEP) program is a New York State Department of Education funded program developed to increase the number of under-represented and economically disadvantaged students who are pursuing professional licensure and careers in science, technology, engineering, math, and health related fields. CSTEP provides structured services, which contribute to the academic and professional success of STEM students. The Disabilities 32 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

35. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in Dean of SUNY Poly's College of Engineering Under the guidance of Dr. Andrew Wolfe, the Interim Dean of the College of Engineering, SUNY Poly earned accreditation by ABET – the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. for all its engineering technology programs. ABET ensures standards for each program it reviews nationwide, and after extensive review of the institution’s engineering technology programs, the organization accredited SUNY Poly’s Civil Engineering Technology, Electrical Engineering Technology, Computer Engineering Technology and Mechanical Engineering Technology programs. In addition, the engineering programs at SUNY Poly continue their growth with its robust curriculum and expert faculty. Services Office provides services aimed at empowering those with disabilities, providing them with the resources and assistance needed to further succeed. This can include academic accommodations, advocacy, or coordination with outside service providers, as well as voter registration to help their voice be heard in the political process, for example. For those students who served in the armed forces, SUNY Poly aims to do its part by serving them, providing the assistance that they or their family may need as they pursue academic success. cultural programs, events, and activities complement the campus experience. As the world’s most advanced, university-driven research enterprise, SUNY Poly boasts billions of dollars in high-tech investments and hundreds of corporate partners since its inception. Excelsior Scholarship recipients. The program does not cover the other costs of college, which includes and is not limited to fees, room and board, transportation, textbooks, meal plans, and more. Opportunities for the Students at SUNY Poly Students, alumni, and other job seekers receive one-on-one opportunities to chat with more than 90 employers and graduate school recruiters at the annual Career and Graduate School Fair hosted by the SUNY Poly Career Services Office. Local, state, and national employers, as well as representatives from a variety of graduate programs meet with students, alumni, and members of the community to discuss current and upcoming job opportunities, internships, and graduate degree programs. Scholarships and Financial aid More than 85% of students receive some form of financial aid through SUNY Polytechnic Institute, and all students are encouraged to apply for assistance. Aid comes in a variety of forms, including grants, loans, and part-time employment. In addition, students who have demonstrated high academic achievement may be eligible for scholarship assistance. SUNY Poly students are also eligible for the recently enacted Excelsior Scholarship program, a first-of-its-kind in the nation initiative that provides tuition- free college at New York’s public colleges and universities to families making up to $125,000 a year. The plan is expected to be phased in over three years, beginning for New Yorkers making up to $100,000 annually in the fall of 2017; up to $110,000 in 2018; and up to $125,000 in 2019. The program covers tuition for eligible SUNY and CUNY students. Resident undergraduate tuition at SUNY’s four- year colleges is currently $6,470 for Quick Glance at SUNY Poly SUNY Poly is New York’s globally recognized, high-tech educational ecosystem. SUNY Poly offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in the emerging disciplines of Nano science and Nano engineering, as well as cutting-edge Nano bioscience and Nano economics programs at its Albany campus, and undergraduate and graduate degrees in technology, including engineering, cyber security, computer science, and the engineering technologies; professional studies, including business, communication, and nursing; and arts and sciences, including natural sciences, mathematics, humanities, and social sciences at its Utica/Rome campus; thriving athletic, recreational, and In addition, the Career Services Office at SUNY Poly offers various presentations and workshops on everything from networking to resume building, preparing students for their transition from academic life to the workforce. T R 33 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

36. FINANCIAL-AID 34 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

37. E Your dream will come true only when you start working on it. To achieve your dreams, you need good knowledge, and for that good education is a necessity. With a new hope, with a strong support, various universities across the world sponsor scholarships for those students, who are intelligent and are willing to pursue higher studies, but struggling to collect funds. “ Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, and Mining Engineering. ducation is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today” - Malcolm X- American minister The value of the scholarship depends on the particular category where the student belongs. The student must have to be enrolled their name in any one of the above engineering branches as a full-time student for all the semesters in order to get eligible for the scholarship program. Fulbright Scholarship The Fulbright organization was founded in 1946, by the United States Senator J. William Fulbright. The Fulbright Scholarship Program is America's one of the most prestigious scholarship program for the engineering students. This scholarship program is for the students, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists. American citizens can take advantage of the scholarship under the Fulbright scholarship program. This program is mainly aimed to increase the mutual understanding between the US and other countries, through the exchange of person, knowledge, and skills. AACE International Scholarship AACE stands for- American Association of Cost Engineers. AACE established in 1956, which offers scholarships to the engineering students in the USA for both domestic and international students. Their core focus is on Cost Engineering, but in addition to that, AACE also provides scholarships to students across various domains apart from the engineering fields like Building Construction/ Construction Management, Business Management, and Quality Surveying. Mainly it covers the following branches of engineering- Agricultural Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, The eligible fellows receive a monthly stipend, health insurance, and travel support. The eligibility criterion varies widely from one country to another. The organization operates over 160 countries. It provides grant annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university learning and classroom teaching. Approximately 4,000 foreign students receive this scholarship every year. One Architectural Engineering, Electrical 35 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

38. can apply for the scholarship approximately 15 months before the start of the grant period. about the scholarship is that it is in the form of 50% grant and 50% loan. UCB Scholarship Apart from good academic grades the other eligibility criterion for Aga Khan Scholarship is that candidates must have to belong to any of the selected countries as India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Madagascar, and Mozambique and should be within the age limit 30. UCB Family Epilepsy Scholarship Program offers educational scholarships to people living with epilepsy. This scholarship is meant for engineering students who have enrolled in engineering programs at the University of California, Berkeley. Interesting thing is that UCB also offers the scholarships for the international students from India, China, and Germany. For Indians and Pakistani students, who are pursuing a graduate degree at the university level, UCB offers the Guru Gobind Singh fellowship, which offers $30,000 grant. The students, who get selected for the Aga Khan Foundation Scholarship, would be given a grant for tuition fees and for living expenses. Students who are willing to apply for this scholarship can obtain applications from the AKF office. Since 2005, UCB has awarded over $2 million to more than 400 deserving people. As they have committed to provide unique programs that will support epilepsy community, in 2018, UCB will award 32 scholarships to the people living with epilepsy, their family members and caregivers pursuing higher education. Thirty applicants who indicate academic and personal achievement will receive a scholarship up to $5,000 each. In addition, two outstanding applicants will receive Epilepsy Leader Scholarship of $10,000 each. The American Association of University Women Scholarship The American Association of University Women scholarship (AAUW) is one of the highly rated engineering scholarships in the USA. AAUW is the nation's leading voice promoting equity and education for women and girls. It is working for women empowerment, since 1881. This foundation generally prefers the outstanding female students. AAUW provides an opportunity for both graduate and postgraduate studies in the US. Aga Khan Scholarship AAUW International Fellowships awards grants for full- time study or research in the US to women who are not US citizen or permanent residents. It started with its first fellowship in 1917. Aga Khan Scholarship is yet another scholarship which is exclusively meant for engineering aspirants. Aga Khan Scholarship or International Scholarship Program (ISP) is provided by the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). It provides a limited number of scholarships each year for postgraduate studies. The scholarship is also offered for the Ph.D. programs to the exceptionally talented One can take advantage of these scholarships to fulfill their aspirations. Dream big, be courageous, have patience and never let your financial situations to override your future goals. There are plenty of helping hands which provide financial assistance apart from those which are enlisted here. So be prepared and always aim high. students. The best thing 36 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

40. Widener University: A trusted and Sought-After Educator in the Philadelphia Region The University educates students who will engage and lead in today's increasingly diverse society Founded in 1821, Widener University is a private university located in Chester, Pennsylvania. The university celebrates diversity, embraces multiculturalism and inclusion, and is committed to maintaining a welcoming and inclusive campus community for all. Widener prepares its students to achieve personal success and become active participants in a thriving democracy. The university encourages respectful listening, courageous leadership, and civic engagement, making it a unique and dominant force in higher education. Its 108-acre vibrant campus has more than 80 student organizations and offers more than 300 events and activities each year. The university has 23 NCAA Division III sports teams. Widener’s proximity to Philadelphia presents students with opportunities to experience the rich historic, athletic and cultural offerings that come from the metropolitan area. Academic Offerings Widener University consists of seven schools and colleges. It offers students a wide range of academic programs in the form of associate, baccalaureate, master, and doctoral degrees. The university’s School of Engineering offers courses in Biomedical, Civil, Chemical, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering. The university is preparing the launch of the first undergraduate Robotics Engineering degree in the Philadelphia region this fall. Faculty take a personal interest in their students and often include them in their research work, fostering creativity and innovation and giving students high impact, hands-on learning experiences. 38 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

41. 10 Best COLLEGES AMERICA 2018 The T R for EN INEERIN in President of Widener University Passionate, fearless and an effective advocate and leader in higher education, Julie E. Wollman is the current President of Widener University. She is dedicated to providing students with transformative leadership experiences, hands-on learning opportunities that prepare them for successful careers, and cultivating a commitment to excellence in all that they do. With her relentless pursuit of excellence, she has articulated a clear vision and distinct goals for the university focused on providing an unparalleled student experience. The Wall Street Journal recognized Widener as a top Philadelphia-region school. U.S. News & World Report rated Widener’s undergraduate engineering program among the top 100 in the nation for universities without engineering doctoral programs. • Military Scholarships • Private Scholarships Widener University automatically considers academic scholarships that range from $8,500 to full tuition coverage for full-time undergraduate day students when they apply for admission. Last year the university awarded financial assistance of more than$50 million. Office of Career Services, the program has developed a wide network of employers across the Philadelphia region, including organizations like Boeing, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia International Airport and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Eligible students in the School of Engineering, Computer Science Department and School of Business Administration and can gain up to one full year of paid work experience and still graduate in four years. Many co- op employers extend full-time positions to students after they graduate. Widener University is also home to the Oskin Leadership Institute, which provides students an opportunity to earn a leadership certificate or minor in leadership studies. This is a value added program which assists students immensely as employers want to know the people they hire are able to lead, have strong ethical backgrounds, and know how to work effectively in teams. This Widener opportunity makes students even more competitive in the job market. According to Payscale, Widener is among the top 25 percent of more than 1,500 universities nationwide on the basis of median alumni salaries. The School of Business Administration, School of Nursing, College of Arts & Sciences, School of Human Service Professions and two law schools: Commonwealth Law School and Delaware Law School complete the university. The School of Engineering offers multiple scholarship opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, based on academic merit, who are interested in pursuing engineering careers. This includes laptop scholarships that provide new machines for students who meet academic eligibility requirements. Career Opportunities Students want to acquire skills and experiences during college that demonstrate they are career-ready when they graduate. The value of relevant work experience gives them an advantage as they pursue employment in a competitive job market. Widener’s signature co-op program is a valuable way for eligible students to gain work experience before graduation. Directed by the Providing Support Scholarships provide support to students who have the aspirations and talents to grow, and need assistance with financial resources. Widener University provides financial aid so students can turn their academic dreams into realities. Various types of merit, academic, and talent-based educational financial assistance is available. Some scholarships include: • Academic, Merit Scholarships • Widener University Full-Tuition Scholarships • Widener University Endowed Scholarships • The Maguire Foundation Endowed Scholarships T R 39 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success

44. Time-Killing Act PROCRASTINATION: The Science behind this Killing Act & the Techniques to stop it Time - M Procrastination is a common problem that is found in humans all around the world. Many people delay their activities till the last moment, but procrastinators habitually avoid difficult task and consciously look for distractions. Distraction not only does affect the productivity of work but it also has an impact on human’s self- esteem. The more a person is focused on his work dedicatedly and continuously, the more will be his chances to get the desired end results which ultimately boost his confidence level and self-esteem. The problem of procrastination has been there since ages and will remain so as it is more like a habit that has linkage with human behavior. To understand this behavior is thus important to further find solution to eliminate or avoid this ‘time-killing’ act. Akrasia. It is a condition when a person does one thing even knowing that he has to do something else. Loosely translated, one can say that Akrasia is procrastination or a state in which a person lacks self-control. But the real question is: what is going on in the brain that causes humans to avoid the things that they know they should be doing? y advice is to never do tomorrow what you can do today. Procrastination is the thief of time.”- Charles Dickens, Writer ” Behavioral psychology research has discovered a phenomenon generally called as “time-inconsistency” which explains why despite having good intentions humans delay their works. This research found that humans prefer to do that work which provides immediate rewards compared to future ones. The psychology behind this is humans are lazy by nature and they generally want immediate gratification with less effort as compared to much better results in longer duration as it requires more efforts and patience. Most people generally don’t have the patience to wait for a certain period of time to see better results since it requires continuous effort and results only get visible after a certain amount of time. So, basically the brain understands the long-term benefits of a task, but it values immediate gratification more when it comes to the present moment (today). Why do people Procrastinate? Ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Aristotle had coined a word in the past to describe such type of behavior: 42 T H E February | 2018 NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEW Education. Innovation. Success

45. person also should make some form of penalty to be paid when missing on the deadline related to performing some task, by doing so in a sincere fashion one can avoid procrastination. Breaking a Bigger task into Smaller One: Humans find larger task cumbersome and boring and thus most of the humans either don’t even try to start such a task or if someone even starts it then most of them don’t reach the finishing line. Since that large task requires continuous effort over longer period of time along with persistent hard-work. But if humans start looking at the task into another way then larger tasks will also get executed with full enthusiasm. The strategy is simple: break larger goals into smaller one; or even break a goal which you know that require one month to complete into a 30 days plan. Make some daily smaller task for each day which leads towards those bigger goals. Interestingly, humans can make that task even further simpler by dividing a single day task into many pieces. By doing this a person can execute each of the much smaller component with utmost dedication, concentration and enthusiasm and can reach to the finishing line in a much smoother fashion with a happier and positive outcome. For example, consider the remarkable efficiency of the famous writer Anthony Trollope. Anthony published 47 novels, 18 non-fictional work, 12 short stories, 2 plays, and an assortment of articles and letters. How he accomplished this is an answer everyone wants to know. Techniques to Stop Procrastination Temptation Bundling: If a person finds a way to make the benefits of long-term choices more immediate, then it becomes much easier to avoid procrastination. One of the best strategies to bring future rewards into present moment is temptation bundling. This is a concept that has been popularized by Katy Milkman through a research performed at The University of Pennsylvania. In simpler words, this strategy suggests that a person needs to bundle a behavior that is good for him in the long-run with a behavior that make him feels good in the short-run. Pay the Price for Missing the Deadline: Human hates penalties be it of any form, monetary or related to prestige. Every human values their self-respect and self-esteem more than anything else. And this physiological fear could be utilized with a good intention to avoid procrastination. If a person is really committed towards its goals, then that Every day he set a target of writing 250 words per 15 minutes for many times but with a fixed time intervals between each session. This tactic allowed him to enjoy the feelings of satisfaction and success every 15 minutes and ultimately led him to complete a larger pool of his literary work. Although, sometimes to achieve perfection also people do procrastinate, and delay their pending task for a little while. But most of the people delay their work since they find it difficult, boring and cumbersome, even knowing though its long term benefits on their lives. According to one prominent research, about 95% of persons procrastinate to some extent and thus affect the overall productivity of their work and life. To reduce or avoid procrastination thus these techniques proves to be really helpful. T R 43 T H E NOWLEDGEREVIEW NOWLEDGEREVIEWFebruary | 2018 Education. Innovation. Success