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Secondary Storage Chapter 4

Learn about the diverse secondary storage devices, from hard disks to cloud storage, and their capacities, access speeds, and enhancements. Discover how these devices provide permanent or nonvolatile storage for data and programs, even when the computer is powered off.

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Secondary Storage Chapter 4

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  1. Secondary Storage Chapter 4

  2. Introduction • Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. • These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much greater capacity. • In this chapter, you learn aboutthe many types of secondarystorage devices including theircapabilities and limitations.

  3. Storage • Comparison: • Primary storage • Volatile storage • Temporary storage • Ex: Random Access Memory (RAM) • characteristics of secondary storage: • Media • Capacity • Storage devices • Access speed • Secondary storage • Nonvolatile storage • Permanent storage • Ex :Hard disk

  4. Secondary Storage Devices • Provides permanent or nonvolatile storage • Data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off • Most desktop microcomputer systems have both hard and optical disk drives

  5. Hard Disks • Use rigid, metallic platters for storage • Files organized using tracks, sectors, and cylinders • Large capacity (terabytes) • Sensitive instruments • Two types of hard disks: • Internal Hard Disk • External Hard Disks • Performance enhancements

  6. Materials that Cause a Head Crash • A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk, not to mention the data stored on the disk Return

  7. Internal Hard Disk • Located inside system unit and often designated as the C: drive • Used to store programs and data files • Advantages over removable media • Capacity • Access speed Return

  8. External Hard Disks • Removable hard disks • Used to complement internal hard disk with an unlimited amount of additional storage • Capacities extend into the terabytes (TBs) Return

  9. Performance Enhancements • Disk caching to improvehard disk performance • Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)to expand storage andto improve access speed • File compression and decompressionto increase capacity Return

  10. Optical Disks • Hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data • Attributes • Lands • Pits • Three types • Compact Disc (CD) • Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) • Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc

  11. Compact Disc (CDs) • Optical format • Capacity of 650 MB to 1 GB • Rotation speeds vary • Three basic types • Read only (CD-ROM) • Write once (CD-R) • Rewriteable (CD-RW) Return

  12. Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) • Like CDs, but newer format called digital versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD) • Capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB • Three basic types • Read only(DVD-ROM) • Write once(DVD+R and DVD-R) • Rewriteable(DVD+RW, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM) Return

  13. Blu-ray Disc (BDs) • Next generation optical disc for recording high-definition (hi def) video • Capacity of 25 GB to 100 GB • Blu-ray optical drives are usually capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray discs Return

  14. Solid-State Storage • Solid–state drives (SSDs) • Faster and more durable • Flash memory cards • Widely used in computers, cameras, and portable devices such as mobile phones • USB Drives (or Flash Drives) • Compact and easily transported • Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB

  15. Cloud Storage • Cloud computing is where the Internetacts as a “cloud” of servers • Applications provided as a service rather than a product (for example, cloud or online storage) • Cloud storage servicesmake it easy toupload and sharefiles with anyone

  16. Mass Storage Devices • Organizations require tremendous amounts of secondary storage called mass storage • Enterprise storage systems ensure data security using specialized strategies and devices, such as • File servers • Networked attached storage (NAS) • RAID systems • Tape libraries • Organizational cloud storage • Storage Area Network (SAN)

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