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SPACE

SPACE. An Introduction. THE UNIVERSE. Everything that exists, including stars and planets, as well as all the matter and empty space surrounding them. CELESTIAL OBJECTS. LUMINOUS: some objects produce and emit their own light Example: Stars

theodore-gilliam
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SPACE

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  1. SPACE An Introduction

  2. THE UNIVERSE • Everything that exists, including stars and planets, as well as all the matter and empty space surrounding them

  3. CELESTIAL OBJECTS • LUMINOUS: some objects produce and emit their own light • Example: Stars • NON-LUMINOUS: some objects do not produce or emit their own light but reflect light • Example: The moon

  4. A GALAXY • A collection of many billion of stars, plus gas and dust held together by gravity

  5. GALAXIES • There are four types of galaxies • ELLIPTICAL: shaped like spheres or ovals • SPIRAL: flat and circular with curving arms • LENTICULAR: disc shaped with a bulge in the middle • IRREGULAR

  6. THE MILKY WAY • There are billions and billions of galaxies in the universe • We live in the Milky Way galaxy • It gets its name because it looks like a hazy or milky path across the night sky

  7. CONSTELLATIONS • A shape or pattern of stars in the night sky make by imagining that starts are joined together by make believe lines

  8. STARS • Massive balls of superheated gases that radiates heat and light • Example: The Sun

  9. CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS SIZE: 20 kilometres to millions of kilometres wide COLOUR: red, orange, yellow, blue, bluish-white or white TEMPERATURE: reddish stars are cooler (3000oC) while bluish starts are hotter (55 000oC) DENSITY: some are less dense than water, will others are very dense

  10. Solar system • The system of planets, including Earth, moons and other objects that orbit the Sun • The Sun in the centre of our solar system

  11. THE SUN • DISTANCE: 150 000 000 km from Earth • SIZE: 14 000 000 km in diameter • COMPOSISTION: 73% hydrogen, 25% helium and other gases • TEMPERATURE: 6000oC at the surface, 15 000 000oC at the core • GRAVITATIONAL PULL: All other objects in our solar system are kept in orbit due to the Sun’s gravity

  12. THE SUN

  13. Characteristics of the sun • CORE: location of nuclear reactions that cause the release of energy • SUN SPOT: a dark area on the Sun’s surface that is cooler than the area around it • SOLAR FLARE: gases and charged particles that are blasted above an active region of the Sun’s photosphere • PHOTOSPHERE: the Sun’s surface

  14. AURORA • Coloured lights in the sky produced when the solar winds comes into contact with the Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere • Can be seen at the North and South Poles • Example: Northern Lights

  15. THE MOON • It takes 27 days for the Moon to orbit the Earth • It takes 27 days for the Moon to make one rotation • This why the same side of the moon faces the Earth at all times

  16. THE MOON • DISTANCE: 384 000 km from Earth • SIZE: 3475 km wide • TEMPERATURE: -170oC to 100oC

  17. THE MOON • LUNAR CYCLE: the sequence of phases made by the Moon during one orbit around the Earth • PHASES OF THE MOON: the changing amount of illuminated Moon surface visible from the Earth • WAXING: a period during the visible surface of the Moon increases • WANING: a period during the visible surface of the Moon decreases

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