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CE / AL Geography. Map Reading Skills and Techniques. Major skills and techniques. Read and interpret variety of maps at different scales (1:20 000 and 1:5 000). Interpret ground and aerial photographs to extract and analyze geographical information from them.
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CE / AL Geography Map Reading Skills and Techniques
Major skills and techniques • Read and interpret variety of maps at different scales (1:20 000 and 1:5 000). • Interpret ground and aerial photographs to extract and analyze geographical information from them
What kinds of basic skills have been tested before? • Drawing a transect (AL-98, 04) • Drawing a sketch map (AL-99, 03, 05 + CE-05) • Drawing a cross-section (AL-01, 02) • Giving map evidence (AL-98, 99, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 + CE-05, 06)
(Land-use) transect • Shows the land-use distribution • Along a line • Between 2 points
Types of land uses in urban landscapes • R – residential, e.g. houses • C – commercial, e.g. offices • I – industrial, e.g. factories • T – transportation, e.g. railway station • In – institutional, e.g. schools • Rc – recreational, e.g. parks • V – vacant / open space, e.g. construction site
Types of land uses in rural landscapes • C – cultivated land • W – woodland • G – grass / shrubs • V – vacant / abandoned land
How to draw a transect? • Identify the 2 points. • Connect the 2 points with a straight line. • Use a strip of paper and mark the land uses on it. • Add a key and a title. A land-use transect from A to B A B Rc R T R W
Example: Draw a land-use transect from point A to point B shown in the photograph. (AL-2004) (4 marks) A land-use transect from A to B B A W T O R I F O Key: I: industrial O: open space T: transportation R: residential W: woodland F: waterfront
Extract information from both photograph and the map. Yau Tong Estate MTR Station Factories / warehouses Construction sites / open space for car parks
Points to pay attention when drawing a transect • The length of the transect must be the same as the distance between 2 points. • The land use types instead of the objects should be mentioned, e.g. write institutional land use rather than school / educational land use. • You should have a clear concept about various types of land uses.
Sketch map • A simplified map • Showing specific information, e.g. transport routes, contour or land use • With the same / different scale from the map extract • With a title, a key and direction.
Example: Draw a sketch map to show the major land uses in grid squares 1086, 1087, 1088, 1186, 1187 and 1188. (AL-2003) (4 marks)
Points to pay attention when drawing a sketch map. • Read the questions carefully if the sketch maps are drawn in the same or a different scale from the map extract. • Include only information as required by the question. • Sketch the features roughly. • Shade the land use in a simple way. • Add a key and a title.
Cross section / River profile • Horizontal scale (HS) of the cross section must be the same as the map extract. • Vertical scale (VS) depends on vertical exaggeration (VE). • If the HS is 1:20000, with VE of 4 times, the VS should be 1:5000. • The vertical interval of the cross section must refer to the map.
Points to pay attention when drawing a cross section. • Clearly identify the 2 points. • Read the height of the 2 points carefully. • If several points have the same height, don’t draw a straight horizontal line to connect all points. Decide what parts o f the line are ups and downs. • Mark the features clearly by using a key, e.g. R – river.
