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English Learner Policy: From No Child Left Behind to the Every Student Succeeds Act

This article explores the changes made to federal and state policies for English learners (ELs) with the implementation of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in 2015. It compares the key terms, accountability measures, decision-making processes, and funding streams of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act and ESSA. The article also examines the impact of power shift on policies for ELs and identifies what aspects stayed the same.

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English Learner Policy: From No Child Left Behind to the Every Student Succeeds Act

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  1. English Learner Policy: From No Child Left Behind to the Every Student Succeeds Act By Alex Gabriel

  2. Research Focus • Key Terms • No Child Left Behind (NCLB) • Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) • English Learners (ELs) • Questions • What did ESSA change for federal English learner policies? • What did ESSA change for state English learner policies? • How did the shift of power affect policies for English learners? • What stayed the same?

  3. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) • Multivariate accountability • State decision making • Disaggregate by subgroup Federal Education Law No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2001) • High stakes, test-based accountability • Federal decision making • Disaggregate by subgroup

  4. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) • Multivariate Accountability • Test-based reading and math • Graduation/ Attendance • Test-based ELP • School quality indicator • Growth and Proficiency • Count former ELs for up to 4 years Title I: Assessment and Accountability No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2001) • Test-based Accountability • Reading and Math test – 100% • Graduation/ Attendance – 100% • AYP/AMO for ELs • Count former ELs in accountability for up to 2 years • &

  5. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) • PD grants to serve most in need students • Subgrants for PD for subgroups • Subgrants for certifications • Universal Design for Learning Title II: Principal and Teacher Development No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2001) • PD grants to serve most in need students • Subgrants for PD for subgroups

  6. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) • SEAs standardize entry/exit policies • Parental Engagement • Engagement of LEAs and stakeholders Title III: English Learner and Immigrant Education No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2001) • Schools determine entry/exit policies • Parental Engagement • SEA/ LEA accountability for ELP

  7. Implemented standardized statewide assessment for ELs (modified SELP)

  8. Federal vs. State Decision-Making

  9. States: NCLB: Title I

  10. States: ESSA Title I

  11. States: NCLB: Title II

  12. States: ESSA Title II

  13. States: NCLB: Title III

  14. States: ESSA Title III

  15. So What? Standardized entry/ exit policies Teacher capacity development & integrating ELs Uncertain ELP goals States weight importance of ELP in accountability State initiatives Targeted assistance ELP accountability in Title I Teacher certification funding stream Universal Design of Learning Stayed the Same Power Shift State Policy Change Federal Policy Change • State standards and assessments: • Race to the bottom • Goal displacement • No consistent measures • Discretion in service provision

  16. Questions?

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