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LEPTOSP I ROSIS

By Nabil Asyran Norsyafikah. LEPTOSP I ROSIS. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. A syndrome of severe multisystem disease presenting as profound jaundice and renal function impairment was described by Weil in Heidelberg in 1886 First visualized in autopsy specimens in a case thought to be Yellow Fever

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LEPTOSP I ROSIS

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  1. By NabilAsyran Norsyafikah LEPTOSPIROSIS

  2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE • A syndrome of severe multisystem disease presenting as profound jaundice and renal function impairment was described by Weil in Heidelberg in 1886 • First visualized in autopsy specimens in a case thought to be Yellow Fever • Simultaneously isolated in Japan and Germany • Many researchers died of the disease

  3. LEPTOSPIROSIS… • An infectious disease that affects humans and animals. • Also known as canicola fever, hemorrhagic jaundice, mud fever, caver’s flu • It is caused by pathogenic spiral bacteria that belong to the genus Leptospira 11,12 • The organism enters the body when mucous membranes or wounded skin come in contact with contaminated environmental sources

  4. Tightly coiled thin flexible One end appears bent forms a hook Active motile

  5. TRANSMISSION • Rodens (rats) are the most common host -harbourleptospires in kidneys • Humans -direct contact with urine of infected animals -urine-contaminated surface water, soil and plants -swallowing contaminated food

  6. PATHOGENESIS • Leptospirespeneterate mucous membrane or abraded skin and multiply rapidly upon entering blood stream(cause fever) • Spread to kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract • Initial body responds clears most organs except kidneys(can remain and shed for weeks and months) • Produce hemorrhage and necrosis in the tissue and initiates dysfunction of the organ

  7. SIGN AND SYMPTOMPS • 1. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 26 days (approximately 10 days). • 2. Begins with fever, chills, myalgias, and headache. • 3. Dry cough • 4. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, joint pain, bone pain, sore throat and abdominal pain are less common symptoms. • 5. Inflammation of the lining of the eye. • 6. May experience muscle pain, enlarged spleen or liver, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, muscle rigidity, noise in LUNG or rash

  8. Weil’s syndrome • Severe form of leptospirosis that causes continous fever, stupor, and reduction in the blood’s ability to clot, which leads to bleeding within tissues. • Blood test reveal anaemia • By the third to sixth days, sign of kidney damage and liver injury appear • Kidney abnormality may cause blood in the urine and painful urination • Liver injury tends to be mild and usually heals completely

  9. RISK FACTOR • OCCUPATION -farm workers, veterinarians, pet shop owners, field agricultural workers, butcher, plumbers etc • RECREATION ACTIVITY -canoeing, hiking, kayaking, fishing, windsurfing, swimming, waterskiing, tourist • ENVIRONMENT -rainy season and flood -temperate and tropical climate

  10. LEPTOSPIROSIS CAN BE A SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEM • It is an infectious disease with a wide global distribution, has been by and large neglected as a serious health problem till recently. • mimic many other diseases (dengue fever, hepatitis and other haemorrhagic disease) so not recognize as presenting feature leptospirosis • The increasing reports of outbreaks and clusters of cases, particularly from southeast asia , has brought attention to the public health problem posed by this spirocheatal infection

  11. TREATMENT • Acetaminophen • Doxycycline • Tetracycline • Ciprofloxacin • Fusemide • Injection crystalline pecilline for tretingweils disease • ampicillin

  12. PREVENTION • Elemination of carrier • Vaccination of animals • Rodens control measures • Protective clothing and footware for wooker • Avoid exposure to urine and tissue of animals • Avoid eating uncooked water and drink directly from tap water

  13. SOURCES • http://www.slideshare.net/doctorrao/leptospirosis-5945558 • http://www.nathnac.org/pro/factsheets/leptospirosis.htm • http://www.webmedcentral.com/articlefiles/42cd5802f76cbfdcd5ae6a13001a824d.png • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis • http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/sosial/7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html • http://profhariz.com/penyakit-kencing-tikus-leptospirosis/ • http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fsosial%2F7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html&h=wAQGpaFfl • http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/08/29/Another-150-cases-of-leptospirosis-in-two-weeks.aspx

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