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Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color. Welcome to Music Appreciation. We are bombarded by sounds daily! Traffic, dogs barking, parents yelling, students shouting, rain, iPods in your ear, etc. Sounds may be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant
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Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color Welcome to Music Appreciation
We are bombarded by sounds daily! Traffic, dogs barking, parents yelling, students shouting, rain, iPods in your ear, etc. • Sounds may be perceived as pleasant or unpleasant • Sound begins with the vibration of an object. Vibrations transmitted to our ears by a medium, which is usually air. As a result, our eardrums vibrate too and impulses (signals) are transmitted to the brain Sound
Music is a part of the world of sound, an art based on the organization of sounds in time. Sound
Pitch • Dynamics (loudness or softness) • Tone color • Duration 4 Main Properties of Musical Sounds
Pitch is the relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound • The pitch of sound is decided by the frequency of its vibrations-that is their speed (measured in cycles per second). • Faster the vibration – higher the pitch • Slower the vibration – lower the pitch Pitch
A sound that has a definite pitch is called a tone. • The distance in pitch between two tones is called an interval. • When tones are separated by the interval called an octave, they sound very much alike. In Solfeg an octave is “Do” • Range is the distance between the lowest and the highest tones that a voice can produce. Pitch
What distinguishes the sound of a trumpet from a flute? Tone Color or Timbre • Tone color can be described as bright, dark, mellow and rich. Tone Color
A ballet written by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971). • Repetition of melody, creating variety and contrast through changes of dynamics, tone color Igor Stravinsky, The Firebird Suite
Succession of different tone colors contribute to the variety with C-Jam Blues (1942). • Repeated note melody –piano then saxophones Duke Ellington, C-Jam Blues
Voices and Instruments Performing Media
Throughout history, singing has been the most widespread and familiar way of making music. • The singer becomes an instrument with a unique ability to fuse words and musical tones. • The range of a singers voice depends on both physical makeup and training Voices
Women – soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto (or contralto) • Men – Tenor, Baritone, Bass • Styles – vary from culture to culture Voice
An Instrument may be defined as any mechanism-other than the voice-that produces a musical sound. • Strings, woodwind, brass, percussion, keyboard and electronic. • Different sizes that produces different ranges • Example- Sax family (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone and bass saxophone) Musical Instruments
Violin, Viola, Cello, Double bass • Harp, Piano • Percussion • Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, Bassoon, Bass Clarinet, English Horn • Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba, French Horn Instruments of the Orchestra
Violin, Viola, Cello and Double Bass • Strings have the greatest versatility and expressive range. • 4 strings. A bow (made of horse hair) is used • Violin is often a solo instrument • In the orchestra the violins are divided into two sections (Violin I and Violin II) • Frequently play the melody. String Family
The body of the viola is about 2 inches longer than the violin. • Range is somewhat lower and tone color is darker Viola
Originally used as the bass string in the 18th century, later composers exploited its upper register • Famous cellists are Yo-Yo Ma and Julian Lloyd-Webber. Cello
Heavy tone and is less agile • Can be played with a bow • The bass is used in jazz and plucked. Double Bass
Has 47 strings stretched on a triangular frame. • 6 octaves • Strings are plucked Harp
6 strings • Plucked or strummed • Frets are used to mark where fingers are placed for notes Guitar