SURTREAT

1. SURTREAT

2. MARKET TRENDS Restoration and Protection are the two important aspects of concrete structure operation and maintenance. Aging infrastructure warrants increased importance of rehabilitation. SURTREAT TPS offers structure life extension in addition to repair quality improvement.

3. THE BENEFITS OF SURTREAT Increase concrete strength, hardness Inhibit reinforcing steel corrosion Resist attack and penetration by acids, salts and other aggressive chemical solutions Extract chlorides and pacify chloride activity Pacify alkali-aggregate reaction Re-alkalize buffer pH

4. CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF CONCRETE DETERIORATION AND REPAIR Hardened concrete is chemically formed – curing/hydration. Concrete deteriorates largely through chemical means – carbonation/loss of pH, addition of aggressive and hostile chemicals through infiltration and breakdown of the cement bonds associated with aging, etc. Solution based approach to structure restoration must include chemistry as the remedy for the underlying causes of structure deterioration.

5. DETERIORATION CAUSE AND SERVICE LIFE EXTENTION By addressing the cause of the deterioration (chemical breakdown) symptoms of the deterioration (physical breakdown) are prevented. Comprehensive approach to structure restoration having structure service life extension as its final goal must address cause as part of the structure repair process.

6. COMMON DETERIORATION CAUSES CORROSIONOF REINFORCEMENT

7. CORROSION IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF STRUCTURE DETERIOATION AND CAUSES OF CORROSION Oxygen and hydroxide ions (air and water) combine to facilitate the chemical reaction. Additionally corrosion is often promoted by the drop in concrete pH and chemical contamination such as chloride contamination – corrosive environment.

8. CAUSES OF STRUCTURE DETERIORATION SUMMARY Corrosion of steel reinforcement is the most common cause of structure deterioration. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is caused by air and water penetration in the presence of chlorides and/or low pH. These underlying causes of the deterioration must be addressed to maximize rehabilitation effectiveness.

9. THE SURTREAT METHOD The SURTREAT method is comprehensive. Direct anodic/cathodic site inhibition Corrosion sites are inhibited by the reestablishment/formation of a passive film and insulation following vapor phase and liquid ion migration to the rebar level. Environment modification Corrosive concrete environment is pacified by re-alkalization and complexing of chlorides following liquid ion migration. As an added benefit porosity reduction increases resistivity and restricts air and water penetration.

10. SURTREAT TPS BASIC COMPONENTS Organic vapor phase corrosion inhibitor is both a cathode and anode site inhibitor in that it will form a thin film on the rebar to inhibit contact with air and moisture and also complex with primary oxide at the anodic sites.

11. THE COMPREHENSIVE SURTREAT METHOD SUMMARY Inhibit corrosion by: Direct contact insulation, formation of a passive film on the surface of the imbedded reinforcement. Re-alkalization, addition of the alkali cations to the areas of low pH Complexing water-soluble chlorides, conversion to non-water-soluble, solid and immobile state. Porosity reduction restricting air and water penetration and increasing electrical resistivity of concrete.

12. APPENDIX

13. CORROSION RATE % Corrosion rate reduction NASA Kennedy Space Center 50% Korean Construction Materials Institute 64% Pennsylvania Turnpike Bridge 31% Shipps Landing Balconies, Florida 70% Jacksonville Florida Parking Garage 120% Rand University, South Africa 50%

14. POROSITY % Reduction Pennsylvania Turnpike Bridge 98% Seymour Johnson Air Force Base 95% New Jersey Turnpike Bridge 91% Alcosan Sewage Plant 75% Rand University South Africa 85% Korean Construction Materials Inst. 87%

15. STRENGTH % Increase Kunai Bridge, South Korea 50% Pennsylvania Turnpike Bridge 58% Pennsylvania DOT Bridge 29% New Jersey Turnpike Bridge 120% New York Thruway Bridge 15% Canadian Pacific Railroad Bridge 67%

16. ROADWAYS & BRIDGES Pennsylvania Turnpike Pennsylvania Dept. of Transportation New York State Thruway AuthorityPort Authority of Allegheny County Missouri Dept. of Transportation Oklahoma Dept. of Transportation Canadian Pacific Railway, Canada West Virginia Dept. of Transportation New Jersey Dept. of Transportation New Jersey Turnpike Commission JUNGNEUNG KOREA US Fed. Highway Administration

17. New Jersey Turnpike Installation

18. Surtreat Application New Jersey High Authority

19. Test Results Compressive Strength Increase 119% 2897 PSI to 6370 PSI pH level at surface increase 57% 7 pH to 11 pH pH level at l/8” increase of 10% 10 pH to 11 pH Water Permeability decrease of 82% .55 cc/minute to .05 Water Soluble Chloride decrease of 5% 1000 ppm to 950

20. CANADIAN PACIFIC RR Toronto Bridge

21. CP RAIL

22. Long Port Bridge Installation

23. Stone Harbor NJ Bridge

24. MTO St. Catherine's Bridge

25. Surtreat Application

26. Testing

27. Half Cell Measurements

28. NYS Thruway Authority

29. NY Thruway Test Result Compressive Strength Increase of 24% 3450 PSI to 4280 PSI

30. Oklahoma DOT Bridge

31. PennDot Noblestown Road

32. PA TURNPIKE MP 134.5

33. Turnpike Testing

34. Turnpike Spray Application

35. Test Results Compressive Strength Before Application 3,215 PSI After Application 5,429 PSI 41% Increase Water Permeability Before Application 2.5 cc per minute After Application .10 cc per minute 96% red. pH Before Application 8-9 at l/2 inch depth After Application 10-11 at l/2 inch depth

36. Port Authority Allegheny County 2003

37. St. Luis Pass Project Galveston Texas

38. St. Luis Pass Project Galveston Texas

39. San Luis Pass Test Results Water Permeation on Wall Surface Decrease of 145% 230 seconds to 563 seconds Water Permeation on Roadway Surface Decrease of 280% 442 seconds to 1680 seconds Half Cell Corrosion Change 101% -165mV before to -82mV after treatment

40. Canadian Pacific bridge, Chelmsford, Ontario – typical deterioration pattern

41. Applying direct contact corrosion inhibitor/rust converter to the exposed reinforcement

42. SURTREAT application using a hand pump spraying equipment

43. SURCOAT application to the exposed rebar and surrounding spall area

44. Completed repair appearance

45. PARKING GARAGES Central Parking – Columbus OH, Memphis TN, Milwaukee WI West Penn Hospital, Pittsburgh PA JLT Airport Parking, St. Paul MN Austin TX new garage Miller Parking, Chicago IL Crestwood Mall, St. Louis MO UMB Bank, Kansas City MO Westfield NJ Sterling Land Properties, Pittsburgh PA

46. W. Penn Hospital Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

47. W. Penn Hospital Application

48. JLT PARKING installation

49. Austin TX installation

50. SURTREAT protection on a new Parking structure in Austin, TX