Missing Dimensions Missing Indicators

1. Missing DimensionsMissing Indicators Randy Spence CBMS National Conference Manila, Jan. 31, 2008

2. Background • Theme: Improving Planning and Budgeting Through CBMS • What is being planned and budgeted? • Improvement of wellbeing of individuals and groups via.. • strengthening of individual capabilities • growth of incomes and wealth • provision of public and social services • other targeted and developmental approaches

3. Background CBMS has taken a multi-dimensional approach to wellbeing / poverty from the outset Survival: Health 1. Infant mortality rate 2. Child mortality rate Nutrition 3. Prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition Water & Sanitation 4. Proportion of households with sanitary toilet facilities 5. Proportion of households with access to safe water Security: Shelter 6. Proportion of households in makeshift housing Peace & Order 7. Crime incidence 8. Incidence of armed encounters Enabling: Income/Livelihood 9. Proportion of households with income greater than the poverty threshold 10. Employment 11. Underemployment Basic Education & Literacy 12. Elementary enrolment 13. Secondary enrolment 14. Basic literacy Participation 15. Proportion of households involved in at least one community organization 16. Proportion of households who participated in formal electoral processes

4. Background My Perspective • Welfare economics and public finance • Human development and capabilities • The growth – human development debate • Happiness: Lessons from a New Science • What is development? • Some central dimensions of wellbeing are generally not measured and targeted

5. Missing dimensions • Physical safety; security from violence to property & person, perceived violence; • Agency and Empowerment: the ability to advance goals one values and has reason to value; • Dignity or the ability to go about without shame; freedom from shame, stigma and humiliation • Employment, including both formal and informal, with particular attention to the quality of employment. • Psychological and subjective wellbeing, to emphasize meaning, satisfaction and their determinants • adaptive preferences and happiness

6. Missing dimensions - Security • Incidence & frequency of general violent crime, and conflict related violence, against property (including thefts) • Incidence and frequency of general violent crime, and conflict related violence against person • Perception of threat(s) to security and safety, now and in the future

7. Missing dimensions - Empowerment • Power Over/Control; control over personal decisions • Power To/Choice; household decision making and domain-specific autonomy • Power From Within/Change; changing aspects in one’s life (individual level) • Power With/Community; changing aspects in one’s life (community level)

8. Missing dimensions – Dignity/Shame • Stigma of poverty (shame if poor?) • Proneness to / experience of shame • Perceptions of respectful, unfair, prejudiced treatment • Perceptions of ethnic, racial or cultural discrimination (affecting access to employment, services, education) • Levels of accumulated humiliation

9. Missing dimensions – Employment • Informal employment • Income from employment & self employment • Occupational hazard (accidents, illnesses, workplace exposures) • Under/over employment (prefer to work more/less?) • Multiple activities (number of income generating jobs) • Discouraged unemployed (prefer to work but have stopped searching)

10. CBMS and Missing Dimensions • CBMS currently includes some of these typically missing dimensions • Proposed to design and pilot • expansion of the security and employment indicators of CBMS • addition of Empowerment and Dignity indicators

11. CBMS and Missing Dimensions • Theme: Improving Planning and Budgeting Through CBMS • How may these indicators help? • Use of new + existing CBMS indicators in the same ways CBMS indicators are now used; • ‘as is’ by communities • aggregated/displayed across individuals/households to district, provincial, national levels

12. CBMS and Missing Dimensions • Analysis of links between the dimensions, and between new and existing indicators • Identification of the poor, and aggregation across dimensions • Methods and tools that permit collapsing information on multiple dimensions into a single poverty measure • Use of ordinal as well as cardinal data

13. CBMS and Missing Dimensions Anticipated that additional information on security, employment, dignity, empowerment will • Be useful to and used by communities • Help improve design and effectiveness of local government budgets, services and programs • Help Provincial and National Governments program design & delivery, and intervention in support of communities and LGUs

14. CBMS and Missing Dimensions Pilot will • Determine extent of added value, in relation to cost of data collection for use of the new indicators in CBMS • by communities and local governments • at district and higher levels of government • Enable refinement and simplification of indicators for potential use in the Philippines and other CBMS countries; • hope to have experience to report in the December global CBMS and PEP meetings in Manila

15. CBMS and Missing Dimensions Potentially • A low-cost and potentially very useful addition to CBMS in the Philippines and other CBMS countries • An important step in monitoring and enhancing the wellbeing of people globally This work will need your experience, wisdom and guidance to succeed.. with some input from good friends and partners