Structure & Function of the Nervous System

1. Structure & Function of the Nervous System Biology 9: Moretti & Dickson

2. Bio 9B: Monday, January 17, 2011Title: No Class – MLK Day • Homework: • Do Now: • Today’s Objectives:

3. Bio 9C: Tuesday, January 17, 2011Title: Structure & Function of Nerve Cells • Homework: • Complete Pre-Lab for Reaction Time Lab • Review the complete set of procedures before the start of tomorrow’s class. • Do Now: • Complete the Cell Specialization Do Now • Today’s Objectives: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

4. Agenda Cell Specialization Do Now Nervous System Notes – Day 1

5. Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures “Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

6. Agenda Nervous System Notes – Day 1

7. Neurons:Structure and Function • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

8. Neurons • Neuron = a specialized nerve cell • Function: communicate with body organs by sending electrical signals (impulses) • Structure: • Long branches send and receive signals • Cell body coordinates incoming and outgoing signals

9. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

10. Neurons:Structure and Function Axon Cell Body Dendrites • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

11. Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions • Central Nervous System • Brain and spinal cord • Brain: Processes information and controls responses • Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses. • Peripheral Nervous System • All other nerves throughout the body • Motor Neurons send info from brain to muscles • Sensory Neurons send info from sense organs to brain • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

12. Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together • Objectives for Class: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

13. Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 19, 2011Title: Reaction Time Lab • Homework: • Complete Post-Lab Conclusions • Draft the “Final Assessment” on a separate sheet of paper for Thursday • Do Now: • Take out the Reaction Time Lab and wait for your next instruction • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

14. Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups • Abstract: When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it. • Demo • Complete Pre-lab • Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles • Complete Lab and Record Data • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

15. Chicken Wing Dissection Aaron Asarel Jhon Christine Meryam Brunyr Julian Karen Crystal Joe Anthony Marcus Rockens Jamesly Marie Garlyn Lilliana Kendra Obayanna Carla Amando Amanjot Jason Jonathan

16. Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

17. Bio 9C: Thursday, January 20, 2011Title: Nerve Impulses Double Block • Homework: • Complete the Final Assessment – to be counted as a quiz grade! • Do Now: • What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? • How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron? • Today’s Objectives: • Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

18. Agenda Notes: Nerve Impulses Complete the Final Assessment of the Reaction Time Lab (this will count as a Quiz Grade!)

19. Neurons:Structure and Function • Dendrites:branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body Cell Body: nucleus & organelles • Axon:Takes impulses away • from cell body • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

20. Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron 3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse: • Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron). • Electric impulse travels to cell body. • Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals. Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste, another neuron’s signal) • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

21. The “wave” of a nerve impulse • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

22. Neurons communicate with other cells Other neurons Synapse: The place where a neuron connects to another cell Motor neuron Muscle cell

23. Communication At the Synapse • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule). • Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell. • This triggers an impulse in the next cell. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

24. Communication w/ Muscle Cells • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

25. Agenda Complete the Final Assessment of the Reaction Time Lab (this will count as a Quiz Grade!)

26. Final Assessment • Use this period to Complete the “Final Assessment” for the Reaction Lab