How many years does it take these objects to break down in a landfill?

1. How many years does it take these objects to break down in a landfill? Disposable nappy/diaper Plastic bottle Cotton T shirt Paper bag Leather belt Banana peel Styrofoam cup Aluminium can Glass bottle Block of wood

2. Disposable nappy/diaper 500 yrs Plastic bottle 1 m yrs Cotton T shirt 6 months Paper bag 2 months Leather belt 50 yrs Banana peel 1 month Styrofoam cup 1 M yrsAluminium can 500 yrs Glass bottle 1 M yrs Block of wood 20 yrs

3. Solid Domestic Waste:WEEE man:wasteelectrical andelectronic equipment- your lifetime, 3 ts

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfrxFbhy5RI

5. Every year some 45,000 tons of plastic waste are dumped into the world's oceans • Recycling one aluminium can saves half that can filled with gasoline. • North Americans throw away 2.5 million plastic bottles every hour.

6. At relevant times in the PPT watch these: watch one of the gyre ones now Plastic waste: Gyre http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5y1W5xduiE&feature=related Gyre http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnUjTHB1lvM Waste landfill Rio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nyu8bLw9F8M Incinerate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwikqijnftQ Compost http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oj6DLDII5OA

7. What is SDW? garden waste kitchen waste And then: disposal nappies, paper and cardboard, general household sweepings, glass, wood, furniture, scrap metal/white goods, soil, textiles, metal packaging

8. How much is it increasing by? • It is increasing by 3 % per year

9. Diapers Kristen Shull

10. Why A Problem? • Takes 1 cup crude oil to make plastic for 1 disposable diaper • Takes 286 lbs. of plastic (including  diaper packaging) per year to supply 1 baby in disposable diapers • 18 billion disposable diapers used in U.S. each year.  Enough to stretch to the moon and back 9 times • Filling up landfills • Health hazards associated with human waste in landfills • Consumption in both renewable/ non-renewable resources

11. Where Do They End Up? • Landfills

12. Solution • Use cloth diapers • Disposable diapers create 2 times as much water waste, use 3 times as much energy, use 8 times the non-regenerable raw materials, use 90 times the renewable raw materials and up to 30 times as much land for growing raw materials  • Disposables consume 70% more energy than average reusable diaper 

13. What did you learn? • What are the main two types of SDW? • Name three other sources of SDW. • True/false: We are creating less waste each year. • What are three problems caused by disposable diapers/nappies? • Where do nappies end up? • Solution is…

14. Pollution management strategies: Match up a-j with a number 1. Reduce the amount of waste 2. Reuse goods to extend their lifespan 3. Recover value 4. Dispose of waste in landfills • Used goods have another use e.g. clothes to cleaning clothes • Charity shops • Recycle goods e.g. paper, glass • Have less packaging on products • Refill containers • Burn waste and get electricity from it • Make artificial hills • Collect methane from landfills • Refurbish goods • Compost food waste

15. 1. Reduce the amount of wasteHave less packaging on productsConsumers buy products with less packaging2. Reuse goods to extend their lifespanCharity shopsRefill containersUsed goods have another use e.g. clothes to cleaning clothesRefurbish goods3. Recover valueRecycle goods e.g. paper, glassBurn waste and get electricity from itCollect methane from landfillsCompost food waste4. Dispose of wasteMake artificial hills POLLUTION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Answers: (some could occur in a different place, or more than one place0

16. Quiz contd:7. What can we do with our SDW? (4)8. How can we reduce the amount of waste? (2)9. How can we ‘re-use’ goods? (2)10. How can we get value from our waste? (2)

17. Recycling • Interesting Facts • Turning of the tap while brushing your teeth in the morning and before bedtimes can save up to 8 gallons per day. This is a savings of 240 gallons per month. • A little more than 48% of all office paper is recycled. This is used to make writing papers, paperboard, tissue, and insulation. • Enough plastic bottles are thrown away in the United States each year to circle the Earth four times. • What can be recycled? • Paper • Plastic • Glass • Metals • Water

18. Pros and Cons • PROs • We use less virgin resources to produce, therefore create less waste. • Allows you to reuse materials, rather than buying them new. • Recycling saves money: • Lower manufacturing costs for products made from recycled rather than virgin materials . • Avoiding landfill or incineration fees, which is costs over $100 per ton. • The value of conserving our natural resources! • The value of saved energy by recycling materials rather than obtaining virgin materials • CONs • When factories recycle, they need fuel and energy for machinery, so this may cause pollution. • Recycling can cost money: • Collection, transportation and processing costs • Capital investments such as equipment and container costs and labour fees • Recycling market fees may be charged to cover the costs of processing certain materials

19. Composting Every year we dispose of 24 million tons of leaves and grass clippings, which could be composted to conserve landfill space. Asra Asad

20. What is it? • Composting is a natural process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. • Anything that was once living will decompose. • By composting, you are returning nutrients back into the soil.

21. Pros • Has the ability to help regenerate poor quality soil • it helps cleaning up contaminated soil. • avoids the production of methane and in the landfills. • Can reduce the need for water, fertilizers and pesticides thereby being cost effective.

22. Cons • Time involved – requires a time commitment to properly product good quality compost • Land required – composting can require a considerable area of land • Cost of equipment – equipment required for composting can be expensive

23. Incineration By Mikey Shaw and Allen Francis

24. Definitions Incineration means burning. It converts the waste into ash, gas particulates and heat which can in turn be used to generate electricity.

25. Process • Burn pile – simplest and easiest form, however could lead to fires • Burn barrel – burning inside a barrel, more controlled • Moving grate - The moving grate enables the movement of waste through the combustion chamber to be optimized to allow a more efficient and complete combustion.

26. Advantages • Reduce volume of original waste by as much as 80-90%. • Benefits for the treatment of certain types of waste, notably clinical waste and hazardous waste

27. Disadvantages • Air pollution – leading to other environmental problems such as acid rain, smog, etc. • The volume of traffic • ash - 20% of the mass original waste, • Expensive to build incinerators

28. singapore develops new waste disposal method

29. Landfills Ryuya Yokota Tae wan Kim

30. -Land fills are areas of lands where it has been filled with waste-internal landfills where a producer of waste such as a factory dispose of waste in their own landfill, external where waste from many producers are collected and buried into one landfill

31. Carry in waste materialcovering them with material. Trucks carry compacted waste material into the areadump them into a set area. Compactors are used to further compact the wastematerial such as soil, chipped woods, and temporary blankets cover the waste.

32. CheapEasy Uses small amounts of land (if done legally) The gas given out of the landfill can be used to create electricityIt creates work The amount of transport of wastes will decrease since landfills will be near by

33. The site will look unattractive to where ever it is set Gases created in the landfills are dangerous, such as CO2 and carbon monoxideLocal rivers near the landfills will turn pollutedIf the land is used to full capacity with waste, its soil may never be used again The gases also given off the land fills are very vile

34. 11. Quiz ending:

35. 12. What can you remember? Glass is made from Broken glass is called Aluminium comes from You get bauxite by Plastic is made from Steel comes from .............. ore To recycle aluminium it uses only ….% of the energy as it does to start afresh. The tax on plastic bags is called the Plastic bags take at least ………….. years to break down

36. Steel cans – should be recycle them? Why? • Glass bottles and jars? Why? • Aluminium cans? Why? • What container should you use for your coffee? Why? • Why should we cut down the use of plastic bags? How can we?

37. REVISION NOTES NEEDED – SHORT, BULLET POINTSIB questions…you must be able to:say what sdw is say why sdw is a problem in the worldExplain what composting and recycling are and what is good and bad about themList at least three advantages and disadvantages of landfills and incinerationdescribe ways of reducing the amount of SDW in your area; evaluate strategiesrelate changes in sdw quantities to population growth and recyclingwork out percentagesDescribe and explain graphs