Fighting the Civil War

1. Fighting the Civil War Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

2. Bull Run(Manassas Junction) Lincoln wants 1 big head on conflict to end the war quickly (2 months) Major RR station 25 miles from D.C. (McLean’s house) Easy Southern victory Northern troops flee to D.C. picknickers panic! “Stonewall” Jackson Embarrassment for North Lincoln replaces McDowell with McClellan So much for short war!!! Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

3. Early Fighting? • McClellan takes command, but delays fighting the South- Why? • His troops are so ill-prepared!!! • Peninsular Campaign-1862 • Goal to capture Richmond • Seven Days Battles • Lee routes the North • Richmond safe until 1865 • North now on the defensive • McClellan removed by Lincoln (1st time!) Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

4. Antietam • Antietam (Md.) • Why is Lee now invading the North? • ↓ morale of North, foreign help (remember Saratoga!!), get Maryland to join South • Bloodiest day in US history! • 26,000 dead or badly injured (6,000 D-Day, double the amt. of War of 1812 and Mexican War combined!) • Basically a draw, North had 2-1 man advantage, but Lee’s advance is halted • Effects of the battle • Lincoln replaces McClellan again! 1st Burnsides • D.C. safe • Lincoln confident to make Emancipation Proclamation • 2nd best cigar story in US history!! Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

5. Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

6. Emancipation Proclamation? • By the President of the United States of America: • A Proclamation. • Whereas, on the twenty-second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit: • "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. • What does this proclamation do?????? • In reality,, nothing!! Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

7. Emancipation Proclamation • Shifts Lincoln’s goal in fighting the war from preserving the Union, to ending slavery!!!!!! Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

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9. Road to Gettysburg • McClellan’s replacement, General Burnside (considered one of the worst military officer in world history! But cool facial hair!) crushed in Fredericksburg • Chancellorsville- Lee and Jackson win again, but Jackson killed • Hooker, who replaced Burnside, now replaced by Meade • Meade takes defensive position in Penn. Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

10. Gettysburg (Pa.) • Lee invades the North again • 3 days • Pickett’s Charge • “High tide of the Confederacy” • Lee repulsed and forced back to South • Lincoln dedicates cemetery and gives Gettysburg Address Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

11. Gettysburg Address • Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. • But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

12. Grant in the West • Shiloh- Tennessee-heavy casualties on both sides • Siege of Vicksburg • Island in the middle of Miss. River in Miss. • 3 month siege of city • South surrenders city July 4th 1863, 1 day after Gettysburg • Union w/ full control of Miss. River Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

13. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sherman, US Grant’s sidekick, goes from Tennessee to Georgia to South Carolina • “Total War” (Shermanizing) • Destroy everything in his path • Salted earth • Destroy cities/factories • Twist the railroads (Sherman Pretzels) • Kill civilians/livestock • Sherman homestead act- 40 acres and a mule, any slave that joins him gets that • When he gets to S. Carolina, he states “Here is where secession started, and by God, here is where it ends!” • Was Sherman’s actions wise? Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

14. Election of 1864 • Lincoln vs. McClellan • “Copperheads” • Lincoln wins easily in electoral college 212-21, but McClellan gets 45% of popular vote Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

15. Appomattox Court House • South morale broken/ 50%desertion rate/ 7yr olds now fighting in the war • Lee surrenders his Virginia army at Appomattox Virginia (McLean’s new House!!!) • “The war began in my front yard and ended in my front parlor.” • Lee surrenders, soldiers and most generals pardoned • Soldiers allowed to keep horses and weapons • Union gives them 3 days of food • War basically over, but Pres. Davis still trying to get the other states to fight Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

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18. Lee- Appomatox surrender April 10th • Johnston surrenders his western army on 26th • Lincoln assassination April 15th Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

19. Lincoln Assassination • 5 days after surrender • Good Friday • Ford’s Theatre • John Wilkes Booth • Good or bad for the South? • Creepy connections to JFK!!! Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

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21. http://www.civilwar.org/education/civil-war-casualties.html Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

22. Civil War Medicine Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

23. New Weapon/Technology • Rifles/Bullets • Balloons • Ironclads/Mines • Hollow shells/ hand grenades • Machine gun • Submarines • Trenches • Telegraph/Railroad • 1st modern war in the world! • From Napoleonic to forerunner of WWI Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

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25. Lincoln and Wartime Liberties • In the 80 days that elapsed between Abraham Lincoln's April 1861 call for troops--the beginning of the Civil War--and the official convening of Congress in special session on July 4, 1861, Lincoln performed a whole series of important acts by sheer assumption of presidential power. Lincoln, without congressional approval, called forth the militia to "suppress said combinations,"6 which he ordered "to disperse and retire peacefully" to their homes.7 He increased the size of the Army and Navy, expended funds for the purchase of weapons, instituted a blockade--an act of war--and suspended the precious writ of habeas corpus, all without congressional approval. • Border states “supervised” voting • Newspapers suspended • Arrests • Ending habeas corpus!!! • Martial law • Was he justified in curbing civil liberties??? • Why was this a very tough war to keep homeland security tight? Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

26. The Draft • Both North and South eventually need draft • North- $300 you can buy your way out of the draft/ get a substitute • South- substitute/ or 20 or more slaves owned=exemption • “whiskey to war”- importance of immigration for the North- about 1 million immigrants came during the war • Draft riots in NYC • Anti-black- attacked Colored Orphan Asylum • Blacks hung in the streets • Attacked the rich • Burned Protestant churches/ colored orphan asylum • Estimated 121- 2,000 dead, 2,000- 8,000 injured over the 3 days of mob violence • Lincoln brings army in to restore order Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?

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30. http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/on-the-homefront/culture/music/music.htmlhttp://www.civilwar.org/education/history/on-the-homefront/culture/music/music.html Aim: How did the North win the Civil War?