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Radio Frequency Interference

Radio Frequency Interference. Spectrum Management Seminar Nairobi, Kenya September 18, 2007. Mike Biggs Senior Engineer FAA Spectrum Engineering Services.

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Radio Frequency Interference

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  1. Radio Frequency Interference Spectrum Management Seminar Nairobi, Kenya September 18, 2007 Mike Biggs Senior Engineer FAA Spectrum Engineering Services

  2. ITU Definition: The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy. Criteria to mitigate inter-system interference are established as an element of ICAO SARPs. E.g., 8 dB D/U for co-channel DME assignments What is Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)?

  3. US RFI Yearly Activity Statistics • 1995 Events =1109 • 1996 Events =1248 • 1997 Events =1398 • 1998 Events =1576 • 1999 Events =1596 • 2000 Events =1771 • 2001 Events =1721 • 2002 Events =1659 • 2003 Events =1698 • 2004 Events =1712 • 2005 Events =1642 • 2006 Events = 1696 ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  4. RFI Categories • Authorized Transmissions • Properly Licensed (i.e. FM, AM, TV) • Unauthorized Transmissions • Wireless Video Cameras • High Power Cordless Telephones • Unlicensed Pirate FM Stations Spurious • Intentional • Unauthorized Jamming • “Phantom” Controllers • Unintentional • Spurious Transmissions ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  5. RFI Sources • Citizens Band (CB) Radios (5th harmonic) • Paging Systems • Stuck Microphone Transmissions • Cell phone Spurious Emissions • Electronic Attack (EA) Missions • Power line Noise (Broadband Noise) • Anomalous Propagation • Atmospheric Conditions • Amateur “HAM” Radio • Land Mobile/Dispatch ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  6. US National Airspace System RFI • Most Common Source of RFI: • Unauthorized Transmissions • Pirate FM Broadcast Spurious • Most Common FAA Victim: • VHF/UHF Voice Communications • Most Difficult RFI to Resolve: • High Altitude Pilot Only Reported RFI • Intermittent RFI (Airborne/Ground) • Broadband RFI on Many Frequencies • Phase Shift Keying RF Transmissions ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  7. US RFI Investigation Resources • FAA Personnel and Organizations: • ATC Spectrum Engineering Services • Headquarters • Technical Center • Command Center • Frequency Management Officers (FMO) • Technical Operations Service Areas • Aeronautical Center • Technical Support Field Specialists (Technicians) • Aviation System Standards (Flight Inspection) • One International FIO • Six National FIOs ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  8. Automated or Manual Full Equipment Suite DF Control/Mapping 20 - 3000 MHz RFI Investigation Resources • FAA Assets and Software Tools • Radio Frequency Interference Monitoring (RFIM) Vans Regional Used mainly by FMOs Most Complete Measurement System ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  9. Regional Automated Vehicle mounted mobile DF Detection Band 20-2000 MHz 29 RFID Systems GPS DF Antenna L1 - 1575.42 MHz Portable DF (RFID) ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  10. Regional System Management Office (SMO) 33 Offices in the NAS K95-103 Detection Coverage 20 – 3000 MHz Typically 2 miles Regional Most Cost effective First choice instrument for technicians Approx. 300 K95-100 Systems GPS DF Antenna L1,L2,L5 VHF Yagi Antenna Directional Handheld DF (K95-103) ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  11. AVN Flight Check NASE/RFI Program to assist in locating RFI/GPS sources First Choice when High Altitude PIREPS ONLY DF Control/Mapping Operated Automation GPS DF Array & VHF DF Array L1,L2,L5 & 108 - 174 MHz Airborne DF (OAR-4400) ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  12. Chicago NIMDS New York NIMDS Master IMDS Los Angeles NIMDS Miami NIMDS National RFI Initiative • FAA Assets and Software Tools • Los Angeles (LAX), Chicago (ORD), New York (JFK), Miami (MIA) • FAA Intranet Web based Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Web Browser Control of Fixed DF and Spectrum Analyzer ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  13. WEB IMDS Receiver Tuned Frequency DF Processor Bearing Averaging Triangulation Multiple Audio Playback Capability Synchronized Spectrum Analyzer Spectral View Interference Monitoring Detection System (IMDS) ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  14. WEB IMDS Triangulated Bearing Averages Overlay on Map Increases Fix Calculation Ellipse Accuracy Multiple Ellipse Calculation for Smaller Ellipse Mapping Triangulation ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  15. New IMDS Version 2.0 Control ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  16. Example Engineering Analysis Tools • Automated Frequency Manager (AFM) • Flight Explorer Aircraft Situation Display (FE ASD) • Space Loss Calculator (SPLC) • Spectrum Engineering Tracking System (SETS) • Various Government Database Systems • Government Master File (GMF) • FCC Wireless Frequency Database ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  17. Aircraft Situation Display (ASD) Traffic Flow of potential aircraft PIREPS RLOS Footprint Lowest Aircraft Altitude VENN Diagram Overlay Area Flight Explorer ASD ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  18. Propagation Loss Determine the potential signal levels received by Aircraft Analyze: Intermodulation FM Worksheet Site Specs Soil Conductivity Space Loss Calculator ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  19. Audio Detection Visual Intensities Used for Matching with known sources Audio Spectral Views Audio Spectrogram Analysis ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  20. Facility ID Start Date/Time Summary Cause Code 84 Code 7 RFI Events Logged Maintenance Management System ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  21. Facility ID Start Date/Time Summary NOCC Code 84 Code 7 RFI&GPS Events Logged Tracked & Updated Daily by FAA ASR Liaison Event Manager Reporting Tool ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  22. Commercial and Private Pilots Reporting Special aeroRFI Team Internet eMail Messaging aeroRFI – Internet Reporting ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  23. COMM RFI NAV RFI RADAR RFI NAS Services Impacted - Reported By Users NOCC Phone – eMail Reports RCL/LMR ILS GPS ENROUTE TERMINAL MMS NAPRS Reports NOCC EM Reports aeroRFI Reports Liaison Reports Private Pilots Network Linked Field Personnel Reporting Linked Spectrum Engineering Tracking System (SETS) Intranet FAA Network Records RFI/GPS Reporting Flow ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

  24. Open Active Events Report Search Code 84 RFI Events Fields Drop Down Selection for Search Execution Spectrum Engineering Event Tracker ICAO Spectrum Management Seminar September 2007

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