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The Literature Search and Background of the Problem

Understand the steps in the research process, identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying purpose, collecting data, and reporting findings. Choose quantitative or qualitative methods based on research goals. Enhance knowledge on a topic with credible sources.

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The Literature Search and Background of the Problem

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  1. The Literature Search and Background of the Problem

  2. Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information in order to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. At a general level, research consists of three steps: Pose a question. Collect data to answer the question. Present an answer to the question. Creswell (2005) p.3

  3. The Research Process: Adapted from Creswell p.51 • Identify a research problem • Read and study the literature to learn what is known about the problem. Once you have the background of the problem you can build a case for the need to know • Specify a purpose • Determine how to conduct your research • Collect and research data • Analyze and interpret the data • Report findings and conclusions

  4. “What is already known” empirical studies, theories, models, case studies, statistical analyses, conference proceedings, peer-reviewed journals, resource manuals and handbooks, books, dissertations, theses, contemporary research, articles, White Papers, experts and new research.

  5. Narrative Hook The Background of the Problem Problem Statement Purpose Definitions Significance

  6. Use Quantitative Research If You Want To… • Assess the impact of variables on an outcome • Measure variables • Gather data from large populations • Want generalizability • Test theories or broad explanations • Design control groups for experimenting with treatments, such as traditional lesson delivery and interactive technology • Use Mixed Methods to gather data that can be reported statistically and support with interviews, observations, review of documents, images or texts

  7. Use Qualitative Research When You Want To… • Explore and discover • Study long term cases of particular interest • Gather large amounts of written or spoken testimony, images and perceptions • Study small numbers of individuals or sites • Observe, interview, collect texts and images, review documents - as the primary sources of data collection • Explore a central phenomenon within its group or culture • Conduct Mixed Methods research with a qualitative focus and quantitative data to further explore, explain or discover

  8. Narrative Hook The Background of the Problem Problem Statement Purpose Definitions Significance

  9. Problem Part I Purpose Part II Review of the Literature Part III Methodology

  10. Narrative Hook The Background of the Problem Problem Statement Purpose Definitions Significance

  11. Choose a Working Title • Narrative Hook - The Introduction • Elicits interest and affective responses from the reader. • Invites curiosity. • Motivates the reader to go on • May contain statistics that dramatize the scope of the problem • Presents a clear need for research early-on.. • Ties the world problem to the “need to know”. • Communicates significance. • Poses a compelling question. • Makes a connection among supporting data. • Intrigues the reader. • The Problem • Write a preliminary statement of the problem. • Then, look deeply into the statement you have written for key words, phrases and theoretical terms. • Use the online thesaurus to explore related • key terms within your problem statement..

  12. Creswell Chapter Three Problem Justification Debates in the Literature Evidence from Literature Controversies Recommendations for Further Study New Need as a Result of Change Deficiencies in Body of Evidence in the Literature Gaps Inconclusive Evidence Conflicts Controversies What do We Need to Know More About? Research Problem Concern Issue Needs a Solution Close-Relating Clearly… The Need to Know Significance of Knowing Topic

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