Kúluplötur

1. Kúluplötur Tvívíðar holplötur

2. Byltingarkennd nýjung ! …sem á 10 ára afmæli í ár !!! Byggingargeirinn er frekar svifaseinn…

3. Uppbygging • Járnbending í efri brún • Loftfylltar plastkúlur • Járnbending í neðri brún • Steyptur botn

4. Þversnið

5. Hvers vegna kúlur? • Holplötur eru með holrými í langáttina... • ...og geta því aðeins borið í eina átt • Kúlu-holrými gerir plötunni kleift að bera í tvær áttir... • ...eins og staðsteyptar plötur • En vega 30-45% minna

6. Hvers vegna kúluplötur? • Hægt er að auka haflengdir • Lengra bil á milli súlna / bita / veggja • Hentar vel sem súlu-plötu gólf, án bita • Heildarmannvirkið léttist • Hentar vel á jarðskjálftasvæðum

7. Kúluplata Sama þykkt Kúluplata Sama notálag Gegnheil plata Notálag (viðbótarálag)( ) Eiginþungi( ) 50 50 1:1 200 65 300 25 40 1.5:1 100 50 200 Hlutfallstölur (sem % af gegnheilli plötu) Mögulegt notálag 25 Eiginþungi 75 Eiginþungi/mögulegt notálag 3:1 Samanburður (gegnheil plata með 100 %) Mögulegt notálag 100 Eiginþungi 100 Nýtni steypunnar 100 Áhrif kúlnanna

8. Framleiðsla í verksmiðju • Járn í efri og neðri brún • Kúlur • 5 cm þykkur steyptur botn (Filigran) • Ekið á byggingarstað

9. Á byggingarstað • Hefðbundin flekamót óþörf • Einungis stálstoðir og trébitar • Einingar hífðar á sinn stað • Skeytijárnum komið fyrir • Efri hluti plötu steyptur Árangur:Sparar tíma og fjármuni

10. Nútíð og framtíð Sama útlit, en burðarkerfin geta verið ólík Steypt á staðnum Steyptar einingar Kúluplötur? BubbleDeck Reinforced welded mesh Plastic - balls

11. Myndband...

12. Idea & Effect The bubble-technique: Linking air-bubbles directly together with the reinforcement The concrete is placed exactly where it provides the greatest effect Result a distinct minimized construction - up to 100 % increase in effect

13. Industrializationof the in situ Process • Normal BubbleDeck - bubble lattice, in situ cast • Normal BubbleDeck - 100% prefabricated element • (only small units) • Filigree BubbleDeck - bubble-lattice with precast concrete bottom

14. Advantagesin • Statics • Production • Carrying out • Transportation • Safety • Ecology • Economy • Lifetime

15. Superior Staticsthrough • Reduced weight of deck • Increased strength (relative) • Greater span • Fewer columns

16. A pronouncedReduction in the Number of Columns Normal deck BubbleDeck 39 columns 11 columns

17. Proposal for Building across Railway Trench 1. with prefab concrete elements - 6 storeys

18. 2. with BubbleDeck - 7 storeys

19. ProductionPlastic and Steel are fit for Industrial Production • Greater precision and better protection of quality • Fast production - Less storage space

20. Carrying out • Less work in situ ; employment of unskilled labour • Easier and more simple erection • Light and cheap lift equipment • Faster construction time

21. Transportation The filigree units offer more square metres and less weight per truckloadthan normal concrete elements Possible per truckload 200 - 300 m2 bubble-lattice Example (per truckload – European standards) : 230 mm deck (element-size 3.0 x 7.2 m) : 300 m2 deck volume : 60 m3 weight : 6-9 ton

22. Other Techniques / Safety • Moisture - condensation-safe construction • Fire - fireproof construction • Explosions - explosion-safe if carried outas slab-column construction (no supporting walls to suppress the airpressure) • Earthquake - safety will benefit significantly alone from the weight reduction

23. Ecology • Savings in resources 1 kg of waste- or recycled plastic replaces 100 kg of concrete. Yearly savings of 100 mill. tonnes of concrete in Europe. • Less energy consumption The use of plastic only requires 1/4 of the energy consumption of the replaced quantity of concrete. • Recycling All components can be used in traditional recycling processes.

24. Economy • Less time-consumingIndustrialization • Large savings in resources (European prices) 1 kg of plastic at a price of 2-2½ $ US • replaces100 kg of concrete at a price of 4-5 $ US • Savings in subsequent workRationalization ; • minimizing the foundation engineering • Cheaper changes and longer lifeFlexibility and freedom • Represents up to 30 % improvement • of the long-term investment

25. Lifetime Independent building parts ( flexible separations ) Years 300 200 Integrated building parts ( fixed separations ) 100 30 years 15 years 300 years 30 years 15 years Construction + Fill in Installations Construction Fill in Installations Number of new investments during a period of 300 years : 10 10 20 1 10 20

26. Use / Qualities • The BubbleDeck can be tailored to meet any purpose • Relevant for the greater part of all building constructions • Obvious to replace any solid deck • Advantageous to use instead of one-way hollow deck and one-way lightweight concrete

27. Standard Deck Types BubbleDeck is produced in 6 standard deck types The marked standards are recommended Deck thickness (mm) : 170 230 280 340 390 450 Corresponding span (m) : 5-8 7-10 8-12 9-14 10-16 12-18

28. ArgumentsWhy the Technique must be used • The last stage in a natural process • The method has been attempted for the past 100 years • The technique is considering the future • The future and general technical development are favourable for the product • The deck is the most important structural member (basis)

29. Awards In 1999 BubbleDeck received two nominations in Holland • The National Building prize • The Industrial Environmental Prize The Dutch Environmental Authorities have nominated BubbleDeck to the European Environmental Prize Year 2000