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Unit 5: The End of the Gilded Age

Unit 5: The End of the Gilded Age. OHS US HISTORY TEAM. Learning Objectives. Explain the rise of the labor movement Explain the response by business and government Describe the rise of trusts and monopolies Describe their impact on workers and consumers

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Unit 5: The End of the Gilded Age

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  1. Unit 5: The End of the Gilded Age OHS US HISTORY TEAM

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the rise of the labor movement • Explain the response by business and government • Describe the rise of trusts and monopolies • Describe their impact on workers and consumers • Describe the governments response to trusts and monopolies • Describe the working conditions in industrial America

  3. Big Concepts • As the nation industrialized and urbanized workers faced many challenges – low pay, dangerous conditions, long hours • Women and children worked for less pay • Workers began to organize into unions • Unions went on strike against big business • At first the government sided with big business • Slowly the government began passing laws to break up powerful monopolies

  4. Key Vocabulary • YELLOW = MUST COPY • GREEN = COPY IF TIME PERMITS

  5. Labor Union • A organized collection of workers • Fight for – better pay, shorter hours, safe work place

  6. Strike • Union tactic to refuse to work • Disrupt the business • Stand outside company / carry signs / give speeches • Force business to negotiate

  7. Eugene Debs • Union leader and social activist • Founded American Railway Union – one of first unions in America • Led Pullman strike • Ran for president as socialist • Jailed multiple times

  8. Samuel Gompers • Labor Leader • Founded American Federation of Labor • Used collective bargaining to increase pay and lower working hours

  9. Important Events • Great Railroad Strike of 1877 – railroad workers strike, soldiers used to break strike. Led to better labor organization and larger state militias. • Pullman Strike – Railroad strike led by Debs, government supports the Pullman railroad company • Haymarket Square Bombings – Workers protest police brutality – bombs kill police – public turns on labor unions • Coal Creek Labor Saga – Tennessee coal miners go on strike and are replaced by prisoners leading to violent conflict. State sends troops.

  10. Trust and Monopoly • Trust – group of investors who control multiple businesses • JP Morgan controlled many separate railroad companies • Monopoly – one business that controls a certain part of the economy • Standard Oil – Controlled 90% oil market

  11. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 • first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices • first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts

  12. Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 • defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies • upholds various rights of labor unions

  13. Chronology Timeline 1877 – Great Railroad Strike “Great Upheaval” 1886 – Haymarket Square Bombings 1914-Clayton Antitrust Act 1894 – Pullman Strike 1886 – Gompers forms the AFL 1890 – Sherman Antitrust Act 1891– Coal Creek Labor Saga

  14. Continuity and change

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