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PSYCHOLOGY???

PSYCHOLOGY???. WHAT’S IT ALL ABOUT?. Psychology. Psychology is the science of mind & behaviour. The word can be split into two: Psych = In the mind Ology = study

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PSYCHOLOGY???

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  1. PSYCHOLOGY??? WHAT’S IT ALL ABOUT?

  2. Psychology • Psychology is the science of mind & behaviour. • The word can be split into two: • Psych = In the mind • Ology = study • The mind is the most complex machine on earth, it governs all our thoughts and behaviours, thus it is important to understand the discipline more thoroughly.

  3. Psychology • The study of this ‘mind’ is difficult: • We cannot see thoughts, emotions, feelings, and perception. • Therefore psychologists study the mind by using clues given via human behaviour, much like other science disciplines.

  4. Psychology. • Psychology lies at the intersection of many other different disciplines, including biology, medicine, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and artificial intelligence (AI). • Since Wilhelm Wundt and William James we have learnt a great deal.

  5. Wilhelm Wundt and William James • Both of the above men were what we consider to be founding members of psychology for differing reasons: • One was a Functionalist. • One was a Structuralist. • And ever the twain shall meet (well in the beginning anyway!!)

  6. Structuralists Introspection Every physical event has a mental counterpart Determinisitic approach. Functionalists Experience Cause, effect, prediction and control. Divided Camps.1879-1910.

  7. Do they ever agree? • In 1906, Mary Whiton Calkins published an article in Psychological Review asking for a reconciliation between these two schools of thought. • Structuralism and functionalism were not so different, she argued, since both are principally concerned with the conscious self.

  8. Structuralism • Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. • Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. • Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, was an advocate of this position and is often considered the founder of structuralism, despite the fact that it was his student, Edward Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought. While Wundt's work helped to establish psychology as a separate science and contributed methods to experimental psychology, the structuralist school of thought did not last long beyond Titchener's death.

  9. Functionalism • Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behaviour. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.

  10. In the Blue corner we have William James: He wrote that structuralism had “plenty of school, but no thought” (James, 1904) In the Red corner we have Wilhelm Wundt who dismissed functionalism as “literature.” Tale of two cities! Eventually both of these schools of thought lost dominance in psychology, replaced by the rise of behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanism.

  11. Criticisms By today’s scientific standards, the experimental methods used to study the structures of the mind were too subjective the use of introspection led to a lack of reliability in results. Other critics argue that structuralism was too concerned with internal behaviour, which is not directly observable and cannot be accurately measured. Strengths Structuralism is important because it is the first major school of thought in psychology. Structuralism also influenced experimental psychology Critical Analysis-Structuralism.

  12. Criticisms “It is literature. It is beautiful, but it is not psychology,” said Wilhelm Wundt of functionalist William James’ The Principles of Psychology (Fancher, R.E., 1996). Strengths Influenced behaviorism and applied psychology. Influenced the educational system, especially with regards to John Dewey’s belief that children should learn at the level for which they are developmentally prepared. Critical Analysis-Functionalism

  13. New schools of thought: Psychodynamic theory. Behaviourism Humanist Psychology Cognitive Psychology Structuralism and Functionalism bred….

  14. Quiz time…… • Task 1: Answer the following questions. • The most prominent difference between Structuralism and Functionalism is.. One is applied science one is a pure science. • Logos mean study • The main questions that structuralism ask…What are the main principles that govern the way the human mind works?

  15. Had enough...feeling burnt out??

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