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Skeletal Organization

Skeletal Organization. 7.5 p. 205 – p. 259. Basics. 206 bones in human body Made up of 2 parts: Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton http:// www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/introduction/tutorial.html. Axial Skeleton. Skull Cranium Face Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column

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Skeletal Organization

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  1. Skeletal Organization 7.5 p. 205 – p. 259

  2. Basics • 206 bones in human body • Made up of 2 parts: • Axial Skeleton • Appendicular Skeleton • http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/introduction/tutorial.html

  3. Axial Skeleton • Skull • Cranium • Face • Hyoid Bone • Vertebral Column • Thoracic Cage • Ribs • Sternum

  4. Appendicular Skeleton • Pectoral girdle • Upper limbs • Pelvic girdle • Lower limbs

  5. Terms Used to Describe Skeletal Structures (Table 7.4 p. 208) • Meatus • Process • Ramus • Sinus • Spine • Suture • Trochanter • Tubercle • Tuberosity • Condyle • Crest • Epicondyle • Facet • Fissure • Fontanel • Foramen • Fossa • Head • Linea

  6. Axial Skeleton

  7. Skull • Cranial bones • Facial bones

  8. Cranial Bones

  9. Cranial Bones • Frontal bone • Parietal Bone • Temporal Bones • Occipital Bone • Sphenoid Bone • Ethmoid Bone

  10. Cranial Bones • Frontal Bone • Forehead • Bone under eyebrows • Superior portion of eye orbits • Parietal Bones • Most superior and lateral walls of cranium • Sagittal suture at midline • Coronal suture where they meet the frontal bone

  11. Cranial Bones • Temporal Bones: inferior to the parietal bones • Joined at squamous sutures • External acoustic meatus • Styloid process • Zygomatic process • Mastoid process • Jugular foramen • Internal acoustic meatus • Carotid

  12. Cranial Bones • Occipital Bone • Joined to parietal bones anteriorly by the lambdoid suture • Foramen magnum • Surrounds lower part or brain, allows spinal cord to connect to brain • Occipital condyles

  13. Cranial Bones • Sphenoid Bone • Spans width of the skull • Forms floor of cranial cavity • Stella turcica • Foramen ovale • Optic canal • Superior orbital fissure • Sphenoid sinuses

  14. Cranial Bones • Ethmoid Bones • Anterior to sphenoid bone • Forms roof of nasal cavity • Cristagalli • Cribriform plates • Superior and middle nasal conchae

  15. Cranial Bones Link • http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/axial/skull/quizzes/menu/menu.html

  16. Facial Bones

  17. Facial Bones • Maxillae • Palantine Bones • Zygomatic Bones • Lacrimal Bones • Nasal Bones • Vomer Bone • Inferior Nasal Conchae • Mandible

  18. Facial Bones • Maxillae (maxillary bones) • Upper jaw • Keystone bones – all other bones join with the maxillae bones • Upper teeth in alveolar margin • Palantine processes – anterior portion of hard palate • Paranasal sinuses • Palantine Bones: form posterior portion of hard palate • Failure to develop forms a cleft palate

  19. Facial Bones • Zygomatic Bones • Cheek bones • Eye sockets • Lacrimal Bones • Medial portion of each eye socket • Groove to serve as passage way for tears • Nasal bones • Small bones forming bridge of the nose

  20. Facial Bones • Vomer Bone • Nasal septum • Inferior Nasal Conchae • Thin, curved bones from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity • Mandible • Lower jaw • Body • Rami • Lower teeth in alveoli (alveolar margin)

  21. Hyoid Bone • Only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with another bone • Suspended in neck approximately 2cm above the larynx • Movement of tongue • Attachment for neck muscles

  22. Skull Development • Use your books and computers to summarize the development of the skull. Focus in fetal development through adolescence. • Bullet points or paragraph • Be prepared to present all or a portion to the class.

  23. Vertebral Column • Regions: • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral • Shapes vary • Intervertebral discs • Separate and cushion vertebrae

  24. Vertebral Column Terminology • Body / centrum • Vertebral arch • Vertebral foramen • Pedicles Transverse processes Spinous processes Superior and inferior articular facets Anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments

  25. Cervical Vertebrae • C1 – C7 • Neck region of spine • First two vertebrae: atlas and axis

  26. Cervical Vertebrae • Smallest vertebrae • Transverse process contains foramina for the vertebral arteries to pass through

  27. Thoracic Vertebrae • T1 – T12 • Larger than cervical vertebrae • Connect with ribs

  28. Lumbar Vertebrae • L1 – L5 • Sturdiest vertebrae • Massive bodies, short spinous processes

  29. Sacrum • Fusion of 5 vertebrae • Superiorly connects with L5 • inferiorly connects with coccyx • Alae: articulate with hips • Median sacral crest • Posterior sacral foramina • Sacral canal • Sacral haitus

  30. Coccyx • Fusion of three irregularly shaped vertebrae • “tailbone”

  31. Parts of Vertebrae • http://www.purposegames.com/game/fb1ba7f9d8

  32. Identify the pictures using your notes. • Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, axis, atlas

  33. Thoracic Cage • Ribs • Sternum • Costal Cartilage

  34. Ribs • 12 pairs of ribs (24 total) • True Ribs • First 7 pairs of ribs • Vertebrosternal ribs • False ribs: • Next 5 pairs of ribs • Do not reach sternum directly • Last 2 pairs of the false ribs are sometimes called floating ribs

  35. Sternum • Midline of anterior portion of thoracic cage • 3 parts: • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoid process

  36. Appendicular Skeleton

  37. Pectoral Girdle • Shoulder girdle • Clavicles • Scapulae (scapula) • Support of upper limb and muscle attachment

  38. Clavicle • Slender, rod like bones • Elongated S-shape • Base of the neck • Run from the manubrium to the scapulae

  39. Scapulae • Broad, triangular in shape • Either side of the upper back • Spine • Acromion process and coracoid process form the top of the shoulder • Glenoid cavity – articulates with the head of the humerus

  40. Upper Limb • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Hand • Carpals • Metacarpals • Phalanges

  41. Humerus • Scapula  elbow • Head fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula • Greater tubercle • Lesser tubercle • Both provide muscle attachment

  42. Radius • Thumb side of the forearm • Shorter than the ulna • Head articulates with the ulna (radial notch) and the humerus

  43. Ulna • Longer than the radius • Articulates with the humerus (trochlear notch)

  44. Hands • Wrist • 8 small carpals in two rows • All together called carpus • Palm • 5 bones, in line with each finger • Fingers • Phalanges • 2 bones in thumb • 3 bones in fingers

  45. Pelvic Girdle • Hip bones • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis • Symphysis pubis • Male pelvis is more slender than the female pelvis • Female ilium is wider

  46. Lower Limb • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula • Foot: • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  47. Femur • Longest bone in the body • Connects hip to knee • Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter • Lateral and medial chondyle articulate with tibia

  48. Patella • Kneecap • Covers joint between femur and tibia

  49. Fibula and Tibia • Fibula • Bears no body weight • Lateral portion of the leg • Protrudes from ankle • Tibia: shin bone • Larger of the two • Articulates at the knee with the femur • Medial portion of lower leg

  50. Foot • Tarsals (form the tarsus) • Talus: forms medial portion of ankle • Calcaneus: heel bone • Metatarsals: 5 bones • Form foot • Phalanges • Toes • Big toe (2 bones) • other 4 toes (3 bones)

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