Estrazione di informazioni da testo

1. Estrazione di informazioni da testo

2. Perchè occuparsene? • E’ un’applicazione particolarmente complessa. • Sfrutta la maggior parte delle risorse utilizzate in compiti di analisi. • Il suo studio permette quindi di avere una buona panoramica delle problematiche e delle tecnologie utilizzate nell’analisi del linguaggio naturale.

3. Cosa è l’Estrazione di Informazioni da Testo? • Information retrieval (IR): cercare e informazioni in testi a fronte di richieste specifiche. • Recupero di passaggi: cercare e trovare passaggi (paragrafi, frasi) all’interno di un testo che possano fornire risposte a determinati quesiti. • Estrazione di informazioni (IE): trovare informazioni che possano riempire schemi (templates) predefiniti. • Domanda-risposta (Question-answering): dare risposte a domande di tipo generale formulate da un utente: IE+IR • Comprensione di testi: modellare la comprensione dei testi da parte di umani.

4. Tipo di domande • IR • Recupero di passaggi • IE • Domanda/risposta • Comprensione dei testi Pre-definite. Aspetti fissi della informazione testuale

5. What is “Information Extraction” As a task: Filling slots in a database from sub-segments of text. October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft Corporation CEO Bill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a Microsoft VP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… NAME TITLE ORGANIZATION

6. What is “Information Extraction” As a task: Filling slots in a database from sub-segments of text. October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft CorporationCEOBill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a MicrosoftVP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… IE NAME TITLE ORGANIZATION Bill GatesCEOMicrosoft Bill VeghteVPMicrosoft Richard StallmanfounderFree Soft..

7. What is “Information Extraction” As a familyof techniques: Information Extraction = segmentation + classification + clustering + association October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft CorporationCEOBill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a MicrosoftVP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… Microsoft Corporation CEO Bill Gates Microsoft Gates Microsoft Bill Veghte Microsoft VP Richard Stallman founder Free Software Foundation aka “named entity extraction”

8. What is “Information Extraction” As a familyof techniques: Information Extraction = segmentation + classification + association + clustering October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft CorporationCEOBill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a MicrosoftVP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… Microsoft Corporation CEO Bill Gates Microsoft Gates Microsoft Bill Veghte Microsoft VP Richard Stallman founder Free Software Foundation

9. What is “Information Extraction” As a familyof techniques: Information Extraction = segmentation + classification+ association + clustering October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft CorporationCEOBill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a MicrosoftVP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… Microsoft Corporation CEO Bill Gates Microsoft Gates Microsoft Bill Veghte Microsoft VP Richard Stallman founder Free Software Foundation

10. NAME TITLE ORGANIZATION Bill Gates CEO Microsoft Bill Veghte VP Microsoft Free Soft.. Richard Stallman founder What is “Information Extraction” As a familyof techniques: Information Extraction = segmentation + classification+ association+ clustering October 14, 2002, 4:00 a.m. PT For years, Microsoft CorporationCEOBill Gates railed against the economic philosophy of open-source software with Orwellian fervor, denouncing its communal licensing as a "cancer" that stifled technological innovation. Today, Microsoft claims to "love" the open-source concept, by which software code is made public to encourage improvement and development by outside programmers. Gates himself says Microsoft will gladly disclose its crown jewels--the coveted code behind the Windows operating system--to select customers. "We can be open source. We love the concept of shared source," said Bill Veghte, a MicrosoftVP. "That's a super-important shift for us in terms of code access.“ Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, countered saying… Microsoft Corporation CEO Bill Gates Microsoft Gates Microsoft Bill Veghte Microsoft VP Richard Stallman founder Free Software Foundation * * * *

11. ACTIVITY-1 Activity: PRODUCTION Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Product: “iron and ‘metal wood’ clubs” Start Date: DURING: January 1990 TIE-UP-1 Relationship: TIE-UP Entities: “Bridgestone Sport Co.” “a local concern” “a Japanese trading house” Joint Venture Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Activity: ACTIVITY-1 Amount: NT$200000000 Un esempio: FASTUS (1993) Bridgestone Sports Co. said Friday it had set up a joint venture in Taiwan with a local concern and a Japanese trading house to produce golf clubs to be supplied to Japan. The joint venture, Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co., capitalized at 20 million new Taiwan dollars, will start production in January 1990 with production of 20,000 iron and “metal wood” clubs a month.

12. ACTIVITY-1 Activity: PRODUCTION Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Product: “iron and ‘metal wood’ clubs” Start Date: DURING: January 1990 TIE-UP-1 Relationship: TIE-UP Entities: “Bridgestone Sport Co.” “a local concern” “a Japanese trading house” Joint Venture Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Activity: ACTIVITY-1 Amount: NT$200000000 Un esempio: FASTUS (1993) Bridgestone Sports Co. said Friday it had set up a joint venture in Taiwan with a local concern and a Japanese trading house to produce golf clubs to be supplied to Japan. The joint venture, Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co., capitalized at 20 million new Taiwan dollars, will start production in January 1990 with production of 20,000 iron and “metal wood” clubs a month

13. ACTIVITY-1 Activity: PRODUCTION Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Product: “iron and ‘metal wood’ clubs” Start Date: DURING: January 1990 TIE-UP-1 Relationship: TIE-UP Entities: “Bridgestone Sport Co.” “a local concern” “a Japanese trading house” Joint Venture Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Activity: ACTIVITY-1 Amount: NT$200000000 Bridgestone Sports Co. said Friday it had set up a joint venture in Taiwan with a local concern and a Japanese trading house to produce golf clubs to be supplied to Japan. The joint venture, Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co., capitalized at 20 million new Taiwan dollars, will start production in January 1990 with production of 20,000 iron and “metal wood” clubs a month

14. ACTIVITY-1 Activity: PRODUCTION Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Product: “iron and ‘metal wood’ clubs” Start Date: DURING: January 1990 TIE-UP-1 Relationship: TIE-UP Entities: “Bridgestone Sport Co.” “a local concern” “a Japanese trading house” Joint Venture Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Activity: ACTIVITY-1 Amount: NT$200000000 Bridgestone Sports Co. said Friday it had set up a joint venture in Taiwan with a local concern and a Japanese trading house to produce golf clubs to be supplied to Japan. The joint venture, Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co., capitalized at 20 million new Taiwan dollars, will start production in January 1990 with production of 20,000 iron and “metal wood” clubs a month.

15. production of 20, 000 iron and metal wood clubs [company] [set up] [Joint-Venture] with [company] Come funziona FASTUS set up new Twaiwan dollars 1.Parole complesse e nomi propri 2.Sintagmi semplici: nominali, verbali, particelle a Japanese trading house had set up 3.Sintagmi complessi: 4.Eventi rilevanti Costruzione di semplici templates 5. Fusione di templates, nel caso Presentino informazioni sullo stesso evento

16. Bridgestone Sports Co. said Friday it had set up a joint venture in Taiwan with a local concern and a Japanese trading house to produce golf clubs to be supplied to Japan. The joint venture, Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co., capitalized at 20 million new Taiwan dollars, will start production in January 1990 with production of 20,000 iron and “metal wood” clubs a month. ACTIVITY-1 Activity: PRODUCTION Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Product: “iron and ‘metal wood’ clubs” Start Date: DURING: January 1990 TIE-UP-1 Relationship: TIE-UP Entities: “Bridgestone Sport Co.” “a local concern” “a Japanese trading house” Joint Venture Company: “Bridgestone Sports Taiwan Co.” Activity: ACTIVITY-1 Amount: NT$200000000

17. Altro esempio – un template sbagliato ………. Jurgen Pfrang, 51, reportedly stumbled upon the robbers on the second floor of his Nanjing home early on Sunday. The deputy general manager of Yaxing Benz, a Sino-German joint venture that makes buses and bus chassis in nearby Yangzhou, was hacked to death with 45 cm watermelon knives. ………. Name of the Venture: Yaxing Benz Products: buses and bus chassis Location: Yangzhou,China Companies involved: (1)Name: X? Country: German (2)Name: Y? Country: China Template sbagliato

18. Template giusto A German vehicle-firm executive was stabbed to death …. ………. Jurgen Pfrang, 51, reportedly stumbled upon the robbers on the second floor of his Nanjing home early on Sunday. The deputy general manager of Yaxing Benz, a Sino-German joint venture that makes buses and bus chassis in nearby Yangzhou, was hacked to death with 45 cm watermelon knives. ………. Crime-Type: Murder Type: Stabbing The killed: Name: Jurgen Pfrang Age: 51 Profession: Deputy general manager Location: Nanjing, China

19. Utente Utente Sistema Sistema Sistema Chi esegue l’interpretazione? (1) IR (2) Recupero passaggi (3) IE (4) Domanda/risposta (5) Comprensione testi

20. Caratterizzazione dei testi richiesta Sistema di IR Insieme di testi

21. conoscenza interpretazione Caratterizzazione dei testi Richiesta Sistema di IR Insieme di testi

22. conoscenza Interpretazione Caratterizzazione dei testi richiesta Recupero passaggi IR Insieme di testi

23. conoscenza Interpretazione Caratterizzazione dei testi Queries Elaborazione Linguaggio naturale template Recupero passaggi IR Sistema di IE Insieme di testi testi

24. conoscenza Interpretazione Sistema di IE Templates testi

25. conoscenza Approccio generale All’elaborazione/ Comprensione del LN IE: un approccio Pragmatico al NLP Interpretazaione IE Templates Testi Predefinito

26. Metodologia chiara Metodologia non chiara Metodologia chiara Metodologia abbastanza vaga Metodologia vaghissima Valutazione delle prestazioni (1)IR, (2) recupero passaggi (3) ie (4) Domanda/Risposa (5) Comprensione di testi

27. domanda N: documenti corretti M: documenti recuperati C: documenti recuperati che sono corretti N M C C Precision: Recall: P M N C R 2P・R F-Value: P+R Insieme dei documenti

28. domanda N: Templates corretti M: Templates recuperati C: Templates corretti che sono stati recuperati N M C C Precision: Recall: P M N C R 2P・R F-Value: P+R Insieme dei documenti Il tutto è più complicato per la Possibilità di template parzialmente riempiti