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Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act: Underground Railroad & Harriet Tubman

Learn about the rising tide of protest and violence against the Fugitive Slave Act during the Union crisis of 1846-1861. Explore the resistance movements such as the Underground Railroad and the courageous efforts of Harriet Tubman. Discover how these actions shaped the fight against slavery.

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Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act: Underground Railroad & Harriet Tubman

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  1. Chapter 10: The Union in Crisis 1846-1861

  2. Section 2 A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence

  3. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Compromise of 1850, calmed the fear but only for a short time • The Fugitive Slave Act almost immediately caused problems • Compelling private citizens to help fugitive slave catchers, most northerners despise it • Northerners saw it as being forced to support slavery • Most had no real opinion on the matter and they justed wanted to stay out of it

  4. Fugitive Slave Act

  5. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Northern States began to resent increased federal intervention in state affairs • Some states passed personal liberty laws • These statutes (laws) nullified the Fugitive Slave Act and allowed states to arrest slave catchers for kidnapping • Fugitive Slave Act saw much corruption • Slave catcher would go as far as to kidnap free African-Americans and sell them into slavery (Solomon Northup- 12 Years a Slave)

  6. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Christiana Riot, 1851 • Small group of free African-Americans came to protect runaway Maryland slaves • Slave owner brought in federal officials to catch the runaways • Nearby whites refused to intervene, they did not want to help slave catchers

  7. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Underground Railroad • Was an escape route for slaves to the get out of the South to the North, Canada or even England • Had no tracks, cars or trains but used railroad terminology to describe its actions • Run by a loosely organized network of stations and conductors to help the runaways • “Conductors” included abolitionists and free African-Americans

  8. Underground Railroad

  9. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Underground Railroad • Conductors were the guides, people who went in the South and guided runaways to the North • Stations were the safe house that runaways were brought to hide from the slave catchers • Safe houses were, houses, barns, boats, carriages any thing that can be safe for slaves • Stationmasters were the people who operated the stations

  10. Underground Railroad Safe Houses

  11. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Underground Railroad • Harriet Tubman • Was a Maryland born fugitive slave • A.K.A “Black Moses” because like Moses she led her people to freedom • She served as a conductor on Underground Railroad and kept going back for more (almost two dozen trips) • Led hundreds of slaves to freedom, even her own parents • Southern plantation owners placed a large reward on her head, but she was never captured • Inspired many escape stories to be written

  12. Harriet Tubman

  13. Resistance Against the Fugitive Slave Act • Writers condemn slavery • Harriet Beecher Stowe--Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 • Sympathetic main character--Uncle Tom gave face to slavery like none before • Sold 300,000 copies in its first year, spread sympathy for slavery all through North • Martin Delany--Blake, 1859 • Story about African-American slave who chose to rebel violently • White southerners also wrote proslavery books

  14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Blake

  15. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Prohibited slavery in Louisiana Territory, north of the Southern Border of Missouri • Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine would enter as a free state • Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 • Nullified the Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Split the Nebraska territory into to distinct territories • Allowed popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in those territories

  16. Missouri Compromise & Compromise of 1850

  17. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  18. “Bleeding Kansas” • Two governments • Anti Slavery government in Topeka, Kansas • Pro Slavery government set up near Missouri (Lecompton) • Border Ruffians--proslavery southerners from Missouri that coerced or cast their own illegal ballots to make Kansas a slave state • May 21st, 1856, Border Ruffians will raid antislavery Lawrence, Kansas • Pillaged and burned Lawrence

  19. “Bleeding Kansas” • John Brown • NY abolitionist and was always moving family to confront slavery • Retaliated against the Border Ruffians by launching a midnight execution of 5 pro slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, 20 miles south of Lawrence • When news of executions reached the east the abolitionists condemned the massacre • In Kansas both sides armed for battle, popular sovereignty was not going to be the solution in KS

  20. “Bleeding Kansas” • Fall of 1856 many violent outbreaks became known as Bleeding Kansas • The question of KS statehood would baffle and be avoided by Congress until 1861 when Kansas will be admitted as a free state • The Civil war had already begun

  21. Bleeding Kansas

  22. Bleeding Kansas

  23. Credits • Background: John Doherty, https://edex.adobe.com/resource/b0578ce8e8 • Images: Google Image Search • Animations: animationfactory.com

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