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The role of the cell cycle checkpoint kinase is to maintain the genome's fidelity by blocking the cell cycle and repairing damaged DNA after DNA damage. Known cell cycle checkpoint kinases include: Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) and Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2). Both of them have overlapping substrate profiles and similar structures but are not expressed equally in cells and tissues of different tumors and other diseases.
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Chk Signaling Pathway The role of the cell cycle checkpoint kinase is to maintain the genome's fidelity by blocking the cell cycle and repairing damaged DNA after DNA damage. Known cell cycle checkpoint kinases include: Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) and Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2). Both of them have overlapping substrate profiles and similar structures but are not expressed equally in cells and tissues of different tumors and other diseases. At present, the applied research of the two is mainly embodied as an important target for tumor cells, using a single agent or a combination of radiotherapy and DNA damage agents to treat tumors and related diseases. Chk family As stated above, the Chk family is mainly composed of Chk1 and Chk2. Structure and function of Chk1: The human Chk1 gene was found on chromosome 11q24. There are currently 7 known transcriptional variants with a molecular weight of 54 kD and 13 exons. The full-length cDNA is 1891 bp, consisting of 476 amino acids. The serine/threonine kinase protein is composed of a protein comprising an N-terminal kinase domain, a variable junction region, a SQ/TQ region, and a C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminus catalyzes the phosphorylation of the substrate region of the kinase, and the C-terminus accepts a phosphorylation-regulated serine/glutamine region. As a very conserved protein kinase in the process of biological evolution, Chk1 can be expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tissues and cells of humans and various organisms, but the main site of action is in the nucleus.
