Glucagon Signaling Pathway

1. Glucagon Signaling Pathway The glucagon signaling pathway refers to the sum of a series of proteins and regulatory factors involved in the function of glucagon. Human pancreatic hyperglycemia is a linear polypeptide consisting of 29 amino acids with a molecular weight of 3485, which is also cleaved by precursors of macromolecules. The concentration of pancreatic hyperglycemia in serum is 50-100 ng/L, and the half-life of plasma is 5-10 min. In contrast to the role of the insulin signaling pathway, the glucagon signaling pathway is a pathway that promotes catabolism. The glucagon signaling pathway has a strong role in promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, resulting in a significant increase in blood glucose. 1 mol/L hormone can rapidly decompose 3 x 106 mol/L glucose in glycogen. The glucagon signaling pathway activates hepatocyte phosphorylase and accelerates glycogenolysis through the cAMP-PK system. The gluconeogenesis is enhanced as hormones accelerate the entry of amino acids into the liver cells and activate the enzyme system involved in the gluconeogenesis process. The glucagon signaling pathway also activates lipase, which promotes fat breakdown, while at the same time enhancing fatty acid oxidation and increasing ketone body formation. The target organ of the glucagon signaling pathway that produces the above metabolic effects is the liver, which removes the liver or blocks the blood flow of the liver (Figure 2), and these effects disappear. In addition, the glucagon signaling pathway promotes the secretion of insulin and islet somatostatin. Pharmacological doses of glucagon can increase cAMp content in cardiomyocytes and increase myocardial contraction.