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File Access

Learn about the three main file systems in Windows - FAT, FAT32, and NTFS, and how to make the final choice based on usage, security, and operating system compatibility. Understand the advantages of NTFS and managing shared folders effectively.

thomasmitchell
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File Access

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  1. File Access

  2. Windows File Systems • Three main file systems • File Allocation Table (FAT) • FAT32 • NTFS • Final choice of system depends on • How the system will be used • Whether there are multiple operating systems • Security requirements • NTFS is highly recommended

  3. FAT • Old…….Used by MS-DOS • Supported by all versions of Windows since • Traditionally limited to partitions up to 2 GB • Windows Server 2003 version supports partitions up to 4 GB • Limitations • Small partition sizes • No file system security features • Disk space usage is poor

  4. FAT32 • An updated FAT file system • Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB • Not supported by NT V.4 • Supported by Windows 2000 and up • Does not provide advanced security features • Cannot configure permissions on file and folder resources

  5. NTFS • Introduced with Windows NT operating system • Current version (version 5) • Windows NT 4.0 • Windows 2000 • Windows XP • Windows Vista & 7 • Windows Server 2003 & 2008 • Supports partition sizes of up to 16 Exabytes (EB)

  6. NTFS (cont.) • Advantages of NTFS • Greater scalability and performance • Support for Active Directory • Security permissions on individual files and folders • Support for compression and encryption • Disk quotas for individual users • Remote Storage • Recovery logging of disk activities

  7. Shared Folders • Shared folder • A resource made available through a network to authorized clients • Permissions required for creating, reading, modifying • Groups that can create shared folders: • Administrators • Server Operators • Power Users (only on member servers)

  8. Windows Explorer • Available since Windows 95 • Create, maintain, and share folders • Folders can be on any drive connected to the computer • Folders are shared in Windows Explorer by accessing the Sharing tab of folder’s properties

  9. Windows Explorer (cont.)

  10. Windows Explorer (cont.) • Shared name of folder does not have to be the same as the actual file name • Hand icon used to indicate shared status • To make Shared folders hidden from My Network Places and Network Neighborhood, place a dollar sign ($) after name, e.g., Sales$

  11. Windows Explorer (cont.)

  12. Computer Management • Computer Management console allows you to share, monitor, or stop sharing folders for local and remote computers • The Share Folder Wizard is used to create folders in the Shared Folders section of Computer Management. • It provides preconfigured and manual permissions • All users have read-only access • Administrators have full access; others have read-only access, or • Administrators have full access; others have read and write access

  13. Computer Management

  14. Managing Shared Folders • A shared folder has a discretionary access control list (DACL) • DACL contains a list of user or group references that have been allowed or denied permissions • Each reference is an access control entry (ACE) • DACL is accessed from Permissions button on Sharing tab of folder’s properties • Permissions only apply to network users, not those logged on directly to local machine

  15. Managing Shared Folders (cont.)

  16. Managing Shared Folders (cont.) • To deny access to a user or group • Windows does not include a No Access share permission • You must explicitly deny access to each individual • Default permission is read access for Everyone group • Should be immediately addressed when a share is created • All contained objects inherit folder permissions

  17. NTFS Permissions • NTFS permissions are configured via the Security tab • NTFS permissions are cumulative • Denial of access always overrides permitted access • NTFS folder permissions are inherited unless otherwise specified • NTFS permissions can be set at file or folder level

  18. NTFS Permissions (cont.) • A new ACE has the default permissions • Read or Read and Execute for files • List Folder Contents for folders

  19. Special Permissions • Special permissions can provide more or less access than standard permissions • Special permissions are accessed from the Advanced button in the Security tab on Properties dialog box • Permission Entry dialog box enables assignment of permissions and control of inheritance settings

  20. Special Permissions (cont.)

  21. Special Permissions (cont.) • Inheritance settings • This folder only • This folder, subfolders, and files (default) • This folder and subfolders • This folder and files • Subfolders and files only • Subfolders only • Files only

  22. Special NTFS Permissions (continued)

  23. Effective Permissions • Permissions that actually apply to a user can be the result of membership in multiple groups • There is an Effective Permissions tab in Advanced Security Settings dialog box for resource • Shows specific permissions for a user or group

  24. Determining Effective Permissions (continued)

  25. Shared Folder & Permissions • NTFS permissions can be combined with share permissions • When accessing a share across a network, if both apply, Windows will use the most restrictive • When accessing a file locally, only NTFS permissions apply

  26. Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS • Use NTFS for greatest security of partitions and volumes • A Command-line utility, CONVERT, is available that will convert FAT or FAT32 partitions and volumes to NTFS • All existing files and folders are retained • CONVERT cannot work in reverse to convert NTFS to FAT or FAT32

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