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CELL DIVISION

Learn about the three stages of the cell cycle: interphase, replication, and division. Explore key terms such as mitosis, chromosome, and cytokinesis. Discover the importance of cell division for growth and maintenance of multicellular organisms.

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CELL DIVISION

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  1. CELL DIVISION

  2. Key Concepts • What events take place during the three stages of the cell cycle?

  3. cell cycle – interphase – replication – The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo. The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs. The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus. Key Terms

  4. mitosis – chromosome – cytokinesis – The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell. A double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information. The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the new cells. Key Terms

  5. A multicellular organism grows in size because it’s cells are increasing in number. Introduction

  6. Stage 1: Interphase Stage 2: Mitosis Stage 3: Cytokinesis The period before cell division. One nucleus divides to create two. Completes the process of cell division. Three Stages of Cell Division

  7. Stage 1: Interphase The period before cell division.

  8. Growing The cell grows to full size. The cell makes new structures it needs or duplicates others. Copying DNA A replication (exact copy) for the new cell is made. Preparing for Division Centrioles (structures used for cell division) are made. The Resting Stage?

  9. Stage 2: Mitosis One nucleus divides to create two.

  10. It’s All About the . . . CHROMOSOMES!

  11. Chromatin (threadlike) A mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes. Chromosome (letter X) A condensed, double-rod, form of chromatin. Chromatid Two identical strands of DNA that form a chromosome. Centromere A structure that holds the chromatids together. The Many “Faces” of A Chromosome CHROMATIN CHROMOSOME

  12. Chromosomes and spindle fibers form. Nuclear envelope (membrane) breaks down. Phase 1: Prophase

  13. Chromosomes line up across the center and attach to a spindle fiber. Phase 2: Metaphase

  14. Centromeres split. Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends. Phase 3: Anaphase

  15. Chromosomes stretch out. New nuclear envelope (membrane) forms around chromosomes. Phase 4: Telophase

  16. Stage 3: Cytokinesis Completes the process of cell division.

  17. Cell pinches in two. Each daughter cell has the same number of identical chromosomes. Like Mother Like Daughter

  18. The cell membrane squeezes together around the middle of the cell. The cytoplasm pinches into two cells. A cell plate forms between the two new nuclei. The cell plate gradually develops into new cell membranes. New cell walls then form around the cell membranes. Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells

  19. Animations • Control of the Cell Cycle • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__control_of_the_cell_cycle.html • How the Cell Cycle Works • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html • Mitosis & Cytokinesis • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__mitosis_and_cytokinesis.html • Animal Cell Mitosis • http://iknow.net/player_window.html?url=media/prophase_video_auto.swf&width=360&height=285 • Plant Cell Mitosis • http://iknow.net/player_window.html?url=media/plant_mitosis_auto.swf&width=360&height=285

  20. What is the Purpose of Cell Division? • When the cell volume/surface increases, then a cell must divide or split into two, because if it doesn't then it would literally just be one huge blob. • Cell division is necessary for all life, without it then you would barely exist. • Cells need to divide because if you lose older cells, how else would you replace them? • Your body consists of millions or billions of cells, and without them you wouldn't be you!

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