The United States: Resources and Regions Chapter 2

1. The United States: Resources and RegionsChapter 2

2. US Resources Lesson 1 • Essential Questions: • How does geography influence the way people live? • It Matters Because: • The natural resources found in the United States determine the economic activities of people throughout the nations.

3. Types of ResourcesLesson 1 • Guiding Question • How do renewable and nonrenewable natural resources supply human needs? • Environment • The air, water, and land that surround you • The environment varies from place to place

4. Economics-the study of how individuals and nations make choices about ways to use scarce resources to fulfill their needs and wants • Natural Resources- materials found in nature that people use • Vital part of the environment • Soil to grow food • Trees for lumber • Oil for energy

5. Two types of natural resources • Nonrenewable- cannot be replaced within our lifetime • Iron ore, gold, oil • Renewable- cannot be used up or can be replaced in a reasonable amount of time • Sun, wind, water, forests • U.S. is rich in natural resources • Determines what people make, the jobs they do, and the way they live

6. Nonrenewable Resources • Minerals- Natural materials found in the earth that do not come from plants and animals • Silver, iron ore, zinc, copper, gold, quartz, limestone, lead granite, magnesium and a variety of gemstones • Extracted from mines • Used for construction, heating and the production of goods • Electrical wires • Computer chips jewelry • Iron or for steel

7. Nonrenewable Resources (continued) • Energy- refers to power (heat and electricity) • Oil, natural gas and coal • Converted in to fuel to produce energy • Fossil fuel- result from the breakdown of organic or once-living materials • Takes thousands or even millions of years to form

8. Natural Gas Use, 2010

9. Renewable Resources • The United States has an abundance of renewable resources. • Land • Fertile soil for agriculture • Fish and other sea animals • Lumber • Building homes, making paper • Water • Motion of tides and wind • Sun, plant material, atomic reactions

10. Locating Nonrenewable ResourcesMinerals Guiding Question: What natural resources in the US are limited in supply? • Copper –mined in the west • Colorado, Utah and New Mexico • Gold • Nevada (also silver) and Alaska • Iron • Minnesota and Michigan • Zinc • Tennessee, Alaska and Missouri • Limestone • Great Lakes and Florida

11. Locating Nonrenewable ResourcesEnergy • Oil • Alaska, California, Oklahoma, Texas and the Gulf of Mexic o • Natural Gal • Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas • Coal • Appalachian Mountains (East), Wyoming (West)

12. Oil Rigs in the Gulf of Mexico

13. Using Renewable Resources Land • Land is a vital renewable resource • Half of the land in the US is used to grow crops and raise animals • Fertile lands • Central US • Coastal plains • Along rivers • Corn, wheat, cotton, tobacco • Vegetables, fruits, poultry, pigs, dairy cows, livestock

14. Using Renewable Resources Water • Water is also a major resource • Drinking, washing, farming, gardening, travel • Used to produce energy • Renewable resource of energy • Second largest source of electricity • Tennessee Valley Authority • Operates a system of 29 hydroelectric dams • Provides electricity for Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama • Niagara Falls –Border of New York and Canada • Also produces electricity

15. Using Renewable Resources Wind • The US has begun to use its wind resources to generate electricity • Wind farms with many turbines operate in 36 states • Turbine are at least 100 feet tall • Blades connected to a generator • Great Plains and coastal areas are ideal for exploring wind power

16. Using Renewable Resources Solar • Power generated from the light and heat from the sun • some homes and businesses use solar panels to produce electricity • Solar energy power plants in California and Arizona • Florida power company completed construction on the nations largest solar energy plant • 2011solar panels and solar water heaters were installed in the White House

17. Using Renewable Resources Lumber • Forests cover one-third of the United States • Half of the tree resources are in the Pacific Northwest • Large forest areas in the Appalachian Mountains • New trees are planted to replace cut ones

18. Using Renewable Resources Fish • Fresh water and deep sea fishing • Coastal Regions • Fisheries- the waters in which fish and other sea creatures are caught • Overfishing- due to increasing demand the survival of some fish is being threatened • Fish Farming- businesses raise fish in tanks or enclosed areas

19. Consequences of Human Activity • Guiding question: Why is it important to conserve as well as use natural resources? • People depend on natural resources to survive • Human activity has a huge impact on: • Water, land and air • Drilling, mining, farming, building, cutting, fishing

20. Pollution • Pollution- materials that dirty the air, water and soil • Damages the environment which then can harm people • Air pollution • Streams and rivers • Wildlife habitats

21. Conservation-planned, careful use of natural resources • Natural Resources Conservation Service –(1935) • Helps to manage the use of resources • Set aside large tracks of land for conservation • Lands set aside cannot be used • Bureau of Land Management • Helps by protecting public lands from development

22. US RegionsLesson 2 • Essential Questions: • What defines a region? • It Matters Because: • People’s jobs and lifestyles are closely connected to the region of the country in which they live. • Five Regions or Areas • Northeast • South • Midwest • Interior West • Pacific

23. Northeast • Smallest land area • Mostly urban (thickly settled) • New York and Philadelphia are 1rst and 6th in population • Many descended from Europeans • Many African Americans, Asians, and Latinos • Rocky Soil, mountainous landscape, cold winters • Not ideal for farming • Miles of coastline and rivers • Fishing, shipping and trade

24. Northeast Economy • The economy is still based on trade • Trade- the buying of goods and services • Servicesector–Produces services rather than goods • Healthcare, banking, tourism, historic sites • Computers, communications, research, publishing, chemical production • Coal mines and timber in the Appalachian Mountains • Farms in Pennsylvania and New York • Cranberry bogs in Massachusetts • Maple syrup in Vermont • Jewelry in Rhode Island • Naval Shipyards in New Hampshire

25. South • Warm climate, rich soil, lots of rain • Farming is a key part of the economy • Citrus, cotton, rice, tobacco, nuts, soybeans • Cattle ranching • Fossil fuel production (coal, natural gas, oil) • West Virginia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Texas and Oklahoma • Aerospace Industry • Develops aircraft, spacecraft, missiles and satellites

26. Some Presidents from the South • George Washington –Virginia • Lyndon B. Johnson -Texas • Jimmy Carter –Georgia • George H. W. Bush –Texas • George W. Bush – Texas • Bill Clinton -Arkansas

27. Population has increased and become more diverse • Retirees, Latinos, Haitians • Large rural areas –areas not heavily populated • Everglades- National park reserved for diverse wildlife • Alligators, bobcats, manatees, turtles, panthers • Large growing urban areas (cities) • Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, New Orleans, Miami

28. Midwest • Guiding Question: How has geography of the Midwest shaped its development • Major Features • Great Lakes and Great Plains • Miles of flat fertile land • Colder winters than the South • Drier climate • Farmers raise • Wheat, corn, oats, soybeans, fruits, vegetables • The “breadbasket of the nation” • Ranchers produce pork, beef and dairy products

29. Economy and Population • Minerals- Iron ore, lead and zinc • Access to shipping channels on the rivers and great lakes • In the 1900s Cleveland and Detroit produced cars • Factories hit hard time in late twentieth century • Factories moved South or to Mexico • Region became know as the “Rust Belt”, because of hard times and job losses • Foreign competition and National economic downturn • Population is made up of: • African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos • 80 percent of Detroit's population is African American

30. Interior West • Long before the United States was formed, Native Americans have lived in this regions • Spanish arrived during the colonial period • Settlers from the East headed west in the 1800’s • The region is dry • Farming takes place because of irrigation • Cotton, alfalfa, and more • Ranchers raise livestock • Lumbering • Minerals • Copper, iron, coal and others • Energy -Oil and natural gas

31. Interior West • Manufacturing –has grown lately • Products for the aeronautics and electronic industries • Research and Development • Aerospace, nuclear weapons, energy industries • Population –fewer people than other regions • Major Cities • Denver and Salt Lake –centers for technology • Albuquerque and Phoenix –tourism industry • Arid climate of Arizona attracts retirees and visitors

32. Interior West • Dramatic Geographic Features • Rocky Mountains • Arizona Deserts • Grand Canyon • Millions of visitors • Carved by the Colorado River • Great Salt Lake in Utah • Hover Dam • rises 726 feet above Lake Mead • Arizona and Nevada border • Provides electricity, flood control, farm irrigation and drinking water

33. Pacific • Guiding Question- Which parts of its economy make the Pacific region unique? • The states border the Pacific Ocean • Climates vary • Washington and Oregon get plenty of rain • Valuable Resources • Gold, lead and copper in California • Oil in Alaska • Alaskan pipeline • Timber in Washington and Oregon

34. Pacific • Mountain Ranges • Sierra Nevada- in California • Cascade Range- in Washington and Oregon • Alaska Range- in Alaska • Mount McKinley –highest peak in North America • Denali National Park • Hawaii volcanoes (volcanic islands)

35. Pacific • Agriculture • The region produces more than half of the fruits and vegetables consumed in the United States • Hawaii grows: • Sugarcane, pineapples, bananas, papayas and coffee • The islands have rich volcanic soil • Additional Industries • Tourism, lumber, fishing, livestock, oil, plastics, satellite communications

36. Pacific • Silicon Valley • Hub of the computer electronics industries near San Francisco • Other Major cities • San Diego –in California • Seattle –Washington • Ethnic Background • Washington and Oregon • Mostly European • California, Hawaii and Alaska • Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos • California has the largest population in the nation Silicon Valley Seattle, Washington