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Disaster Resistant Caracas

Disaster Resistant Caracas: Urban Planning Student Studio. Workshop on Urban Risk Management for Natural Disasters Istanbul, October 25-26, 2001. Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

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Disaster Resistant Caracas

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  1. Disaster Resistant Caracas:Urban Planning Student Studio Workshop on Urban Risk Management for Natural Disasters Istanbul, October 25-26, 2001 Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  2. The Caracas Pilot • Disaster Resistant Caracas Studio • Development of methodological approach to multi-disciplinary planning and design • A prototype Inter-Departmental study executed by Master and Doctoral Students in Urban Planning and Geosciences lead by Geoscience and Urban Planning Faculty team. • Three-month probe highlighted critical issues for disaster resiliency. • Built on continuing 6-year collaboration between IREU and Columbia University on urban problems in Caracas, and the 50-year history of global earth science research of Lamont-Doherty. • Seed funded by CHRR to promote integrated research.

  3. The Caracas Pilot (cont.) • Achievements • Demonstrated success of integrated methodology • Established local technical and academic collaboration • Developed links to federal and municipal institutions organized around data collection and preliminary analysis • The Caracas Pilot is a preliminary planning study, not a plan. More work has to be done.

  4. Definitions • Sustainability: The balance between current use of available cultural, social, economic, political and natural resources, and future needs. • Disaster Resiliency: The ability to preserve sustainable growth after accounting for the direct and indirect impacts of disasters.

  5. Premise: Disaster Resilience is a characteristic of sustainable societies. • Disaster Resilience will enhance social development. • Disasters highlight social and economic inequities, and affect the poor disproportionately. • Thus, Disaster Resilience is an agent of poverty reduction and social stability. • Disaster Resilience provides an additional incentive for international investment.

  6. The Context • Latin America is experiencing rapid and unplanned urban growth. Proper growth can be channeled to increase prosperity and sustainability. • Latin American cities are centers of education and culture, fueling innovation and creativity. But they are exposed to natural hazards. • Greater Caracas is an example of a regional center where linkages in culture, finance, telecom, media, technology, and natural resource distribution are integrated. Caracas is also exposed to risk.

  7. The Context (Continued) • Building disaster resilient metropolitan areas accomplishes the dual goal of achieving social development and protecting the people and their built environment. • Integrated urban areas will be centers for the application of sustainable development strategies based on science and rational planning.

  8. The Challenge Can planning, science, and political will be combined to produce orderly and equitable urban development?

  9. Three Components of Urban Disaster Resilience • Rational planning process that includes hazard mitigation. • Risk management strategies, including financial, regulatory, and market incentives. • Emergency preparedness and response.

  10. Introduction the dual city General Menu Section Menu Previous page Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  11. Context & Trends dual city General Menu Section Menu Previous Page Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  12. Processs

  13. Methodology theoreticalapproach General Menu Section Menu Previous Page Rational Planning Method Strategic Planning Process Alternative Growth Scenarios Alternative Growth Scenarios Hazard Mitigation Action Plan Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  14. Hazards Rational Planning General Menu Section Menu Previous page Elements of Rational Planning Model: • Define Assumptions & Values • Goals & Objectives • Guide Rational growth and spatial development • Strengthen economic base • Protect life and property from hazards • Ensure environmental sustainability • Provide decent housing • Supply sufficient public facilities • Enhance accessibility and mobility • Improve governmental administration • Examine Alternatives • Regionalization, • Satellite Cities • Densification • Develop Programs Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  15. Risk Assessments

  16. Hazards introduction General Menu Section Menu Previous page Caracas Faces Two Main Hazards: • Earthquakes - The Plate Boundary • Ground shaking • Soil failure • Landslides • Extreme Rainfall Events • Flooding • Mud and debris flows Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  17. Hazards landslides & earthquakes General Menu Section Menu Previous page Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  18. Hazards earthquakes General Menu Section Menu Previous page Earthquakes from 1977-1997 USGS Earthquake Information Center Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  19. Hazard Context seismicity of caracas General Menu Section Menu Previous page 1967 1997 1-2 cm/year CARACAS http://www.funvisis.org.ve/htmls/fallas_venezuela.html Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  20. Hazards seismic gaps General Menu Section Menu Previous page GAP? 1967 1997 http://www.funvisis.org.ve Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  21. Hazards climatological situation of venezuela General Menu Section Menu Previous page December 15-17, 1999 June Caribbean Sea Caracas Venezuela 300 mm 400 mm 150 mm (Oberhuber, J.M., An atlas based on ‘COADS’ dataset, Tech. Rep. #15, Max-Planck-Institute fur Meterologie, 1988.) (source: http://www.comet.ucar.edu/resources/cases/venezuela/images/ven_satacc.gif) Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  22. Hazards extreme rainfall in vargas/caracas General Menu Section Menu Previous page 100 mm Normal December Rainfall: 912 mm December 15-17, 1999: 1967 1207 mm December 1999 Total: 1997 Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  23. Hazards before/after extreme rain General Menu Section Menu Previous page • 1740 • 1780 • 1789 • 1798 • 1938 • 1944 • 1948 • 1951 • 1972 • 1999 Average recurrence: 25 years Events of extreme magnitude Major flooding events have also occurred in the following years: Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  24. Geoscience & Urban Planning

  25. Hazards Strategic Planning General Menu Section Menu Previous page Elements of Strategic Planning Model: • Define Assumptions & Values • Goals & Objectives • SWOT Analysis • Strengths • Weakness • Opportunities • Threats • Program Development - “mixed scanning” approach Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  26. Action Plans

  27. Risk Assessment Tier Rankings General Menu Section Menu Previous Page Medical - Hospitals, ambulances, clinics, Red Cross, field hospitals & equipment Water - Supply infrastructure, aqueducts, storage tanks , treatment tanks Transportation - All roads, rail lines, airports, heliports, seaports, evacuation routes Shelter / Housing - Existing structures, tens, cots, community centers Communications - Emergency broadcast systems, cell phone, radio/TV transmission Tier 1 Fuel - Storage Tanks, delivery mechanisms, pipelines Fire/HAZMAT - Fire stations, equipment, response systems Electricity - Power generators. Transmission stations, back-up generators Food - storage warehouses, distribution points, refrigeration Tier 2 Reserved Spaces - Stadiums, parks, fields, tent cities Sanitary Facilities - Treatment facilities, temporary sanitation Tier 3 Law enforcement & Security Management System Systems Search & Rescue Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  28. Action Plan critical facilities General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Hazard Mitigation Plan • Reserved Open Space • Evacuation Routes • Storage Warehouses • Emergency Response System • Search and Rescue Teams • Field Hospitals • Power Generation Stations Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  29. Action Plan infrastructure General Menu Section Menu Previous Page Tier 1 and 2 Systems • Water • Transportation • Communications • Electricity • Fuel and Natural Gas • Sewage Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  30. Action Plan water infrastructure General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Robust and Reliable Water Supply System • Need for Water Storage Inside the City • Backup Power for Pumping Stations • Strong Water Distribution System Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  31. Action Plan surface transportation General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Robust and Redundant System • System to Remain Intact and Operable • Reinforcement and Retrofitting Existing System • Creation of Strategic Network • Network to Include Emergency Routes • Improved Access to the Valley and Coast Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  32. Action Plan communications General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Robust and Reliable Communications System • Emergency Broadcast System • Unified Emergency communications center • Prevent gridlock Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  33. Action Plan criticalfacilities General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Hospitals, Fire and Police Stations • Access to these facilities must be improved • New facilities must be built in under-served areas • Existing facilities must be strengthened and made self-sufficient Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  34. critical facilities & hazards

  35. Action Plan critical facilities General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Reserved Spaces - Parroquias • Normal Function • Parks and Plazas • Recreation Fields • Community Centers • Open-air markets • Preserve historic areas • Disaster Function • Evacuation Sites • Temporary Shelters • Field Hospitals • Information Posts • Supply Distribution Points Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  36. Action Plan open space General Menu Section Menu Previous Page Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

  37. Action Plan Building Resiliency General Menu Section Menu Previous Page • Structural design • Retrofitting • Building Codes • Construction Training • Economic & planning policy • Land Title • Loans & Tax Incentives • Planning & Provision Columbia University School of Architecture Planning and Preservation Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Disaster Resistant Caracas URBAN PLANNING STUDIO Spring 2001

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