Introduction to Music

1. Introduction to Music Beethoven: His life and times Symphony No. 5 A new era

2. One of Beethoven’s many dwellings. He lived in more than 70 apartments and rooms during his lifetime! This was not uncommon in 18thC European culture.

3. Ca. 1799, Beethoven learned his increasing deafness was irreversible. Deep in despair, he remained in Heiligenstadt the summer and fall of 1802 contemplating suicide.

4. Beethoven did not succumb to this, the gravest of a musician’s ills. Instead, within months he began composing the epic and remarkably optimistic Third Symphony, the “Eroica”. It was, and still is, a giant of a masterpiece, and it is today one of the best loved orchestral works ever written.

5. Ludwig vanBeethoven True, it’s “van,” not the aristocratic “von,” but if someone mistakenly thinks I’m a “von” of royal blood I certainly won’t correct him.

6. Beethoven, the pianist most virtuosic in Europe incomparable improviser Critics and journalists loved his playing.

7. Beethoven, the composer many works for piano music required piano’s improvement compositions drew mixed reactions for years journalists V/ criticalreferring to Symphony No. 5:“…a sort of odious meowing, and discords to shatter the least sensitive ears.”

8. One of numerous pianos given to Beethoven

9. Ludwig van Beethoven wrote much of his music--many of the world’s greatest art works--in a state of TOTAL deafness.

10. Summary Beethoven Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67 Symphony I = mvt. 1 = sonata form standard symphony format IMP Romantic characteristics cyclicism You are responsible to know: • detailed listening for movement 1. • summary points about the entire symphony.

11. It looks like a classical symphony, but mark this well: Inside that polite, predictable exterior,seethes an implacable romanticism, and it will not be contained. DWRitz

12. Guided listening of Symphony No. 5 follows. Answer all questions and address all issues in the green font.

13. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1CD #3 Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda T1 B T2 CT T1 B T2 Ct What? How? Q. Whole movement: Does this look like standard sonata form?

14. •••—motive Analyze the ExpositionListen to each item, and answer the questions. Theme 1 •••— motive Theme 2 Phrase 1 (Question): What inst is prominent? Any thots on the melody’s origin? Phrase 2 (Answer): What is happening to the answer? What are the basses playing? Exposition T1 B T2 CT 4. 1. 3. 2. Exposition:Defend: Standard Non-standard Themes 1 & 2 What are the elements of contrast? Bridge & Cadence Closing Theme Can you pick out the motive?

15. Motive uses: Motive’s 2 components: 1. Melody (High-H-H-Low) 2. Rhythm (Short-S-S-Long)

16. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1CD #3 Sonata form Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda T1 B T2 CT T1 B T2 Ct 4. 1. 3. 2. •••—motive What instruments?

17. Development procedure checklist: • Repeat theme • Fragment theme (and use part of it) • Use imitation • Add counter-melody • Change tone color (instruments) • Change dynamics • Change theme’s rhythm • Change theme’s character • Change accompaniment • Modulate (change key)

18. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1Kamien, Sonata form Exposition Development Recapitulation T1 B T2 CT T1 B T2 Ct What? How? LONG!•••—New ideas What change from Expos? What instruments? •••—motive What instruments?

19. Development analysis: D e v e l o p m e n t 1.a. 1.b. 2.b.c.d. 2.e. 2.a. Based on Th 2 •••— motive Reminder of Th 1 horn callquestion w/ new answer 2 notes of horn call! 1 note of horn call!! Q How does Beethoven develop Th2?Q Name as many differences betweenit and the Exposition’s Th2 as you can. Expos. Th2 Devel. Th2

20. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 Click for guided listening to the entire development. Restart the page if text and music do not begin simultaneously. (Press followed by .)

21. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 D e v e l o p m e n t Based on Th 2 Based on Th 1 Reminder of Th 1 motivemelody& R New melody +motive R Horn call questionw/ new answer 2 notes of horn call! 1 noteof horn call!! •••— motive is ubiquitous! Reminder of Th 2 Back to1 note

22. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 Click for guided listening to the entire recapitulation. Restart the page if text and music do not begin simultaneously. (Press followed by .)

23. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 R e c a p i t u l a t i o n Theme 2 Theme 1 Bridge Closing Th Important addition Subdued horns + Bassoons! •••— in basses What inst plays this short cadenza? •••— motive is ubiquitous!

24. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 C o d a Long! some new ideas introduced Do you hear ideas that are based on the •••— motive? How about ••—?

25. ••• —

26. Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 1 This movement is UNIFIED like no earlier piece had ever been unified! Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda T1 B T2 CT T1 B T2 Ct What? •••—motive •••—motive •••—motive •••—motive

27. Symphony No. 5Romantic Characteristics: • Postponement of gratification, “emotional progression” 2. Conflict & struggle idea of C minor 3. Symphony is more highly unified than any previous work 4. Symphony deals with emotion, passion Entire symphony Mvt. 1 Mvt. 2 Mvt. 3 Mvt. 4C minorC Major

28. Summary: Classical Pieces Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, Mvt 1(Sonata form) Haydn, Symphony No. 94 in G Major, Mvt 2(Theme & Variations) Mozart, EineKleineNachtmusik,Mvt 3(Minuet & trio) Beethoven, String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No 4, Mvt 4 (Rondo) Mozart, Don Giovanni Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Mvt 1