CHAPTER 14 EFFECTIVE DELIVERY

1. CHAPTER 14EFFECTIVE DELIVERY Objectives Explain the components of an effective delivery Understand what delivery means and how it applies to oral communication Identify types of nonverbal communication and their effects Use appropriate delivery techniques to gain command of your information Use effective verbal and nonverbal strategies in presentations Evaluate the effectiveness of your own and others’ presentations

2. Delivery • You have no real speaking style until you actually speak; therefore, the manner in which you speak is called your delivery. • Delivery is the mode or manner you use to transmit messages to your audience. • It’s not what you say, but how you say it. • It is your style of presentation, your personalized means of giving life and importance to your words. • Messages+Communication=Delivery

3. Four Types of Delivery • Manuscript Method • Memorized Method • Extemporaneous Method • Impromptu Method

4. Manuscript Method • Your speech is written out word for word • Your speech is delivered from podium • You read primarily from your speech as it is delivered • Unlikely to make an error in the content of your speech • Often used when speaking to very large groups • Used by politicians/elected officials (in coordination with a TelePrompTer), business leaders, and sports figures • Only use one side of the paper

5. Manuscript Method-Pros & Cons Pros: • Functions as a “security blanket” • Allows speakers to be more comfortable with their audience • Good practice for new speakers Cons: • Can lose touch with your audience • No eye contact with your audience because you are so focused on reading your manuscript • If you don’t connect with your audience, they will likely tune you out

6. Memorized Method • Every word of your speech is committed to memory • No notes; no papers; no podium • It’s best to memorize your speech in small sections and build upon each section until you can deliver the entire speech aloud • The most important parts of your speech to memorize are the first and final lines so you can be confident about the beginning and ending of your speech • Always have a “safety valve” in case you forget where you are in your speech-statistic, anecdote-to help you buy time to get back on track • Oral Interpretation Speech

7. Memorized Method-Pros & Cons Pros: • You know everything you will say and do Cons: • You may become more tense if you forget a piece of your speech or movement • You spend so much time thinking of the words and movements that you forget to share your message honestly • Can tend to rush through the delivery without articulating and enunciating your words • Can appear “robot” like in your delivery

8. Extemporaneous Method • Use an outline to keep your prepared ideas in order • On the spot freedom to choose the words you use to voice those ideas • Verbal flexibility • Use note cards with words, phrases, or transitions for easy delivery flow of your message • Free to do some thinking on your feet during delivery • Most believable delivery method • Allows you to be you to connect with your audience logically and emotionally • Informative Speech

9. Extemporaneous MethodPros & Cons Pros: • You can be natural in your delivery • You can look at your audience and know where you are going in your speech • Can see how the audience is reacting, get immediate feedback, and make adjustments if needed • Your body is allowed to become part of the communication process Cons: • Must have command of your note cards--not too many, not too many notes on each card, must be comfortable utilizing them during delivery (practice, practice, practice) • Can flub up fluency or forget something you wanted to say

10. Impromptu Method • Not rehearsed • Instant communication • Spontaneous speaking or “off the cuff” • Little time for preparation • Don’t speak for very long • Requires you to know your audience • Must have a quick mind and instant audience analysis • Most frightening of the delivery methods • Most type of method you will do during your lifetime

11. Impromptu MethodPros & Cons Pros: • You can be yourself • Makes you believable • Can come across as witty and intelligent • Can be impressive if you have the talent, organizational skills and confidence to pull it off Cons: • No notes • Can lose your train of thought and appear disorganized • Can find yourself at a loss for words or vocabulary • “Dead space”=Vocalized pauses (like, uh, and yeah) used as fillers and can become distracting to an audience as it breaks the flow of your delivery • Can lead to lack of confidence

12. Four Types of Delivery-Review*The best type of delivery incorporates all four types in your speaking* • What are the four types of delivery? 1. 2. 3. 4. • What are the pros and cons of each type?

13. Using Your Voice • Power source: The energy that makes things go; the entire vocal process • Vocal process: The breathing/vocal system which creates human sound • Phonation: Voice production • Rate: The speed at which you speak; the average rate is 120-180 wpm • Pitch: The vocal notes; highs and lows of your voice • Monotone: Delivery of your words at the same rate and pitch • Inflection: Altering your vocal tone and pitch • Volume: The loudness or softness of your voice • Articulation: The crispness with which you say the syllables in each word • Pronunciation: How you say the sounds of a word properly and stressing the correct syllable

14. Using Your VoiceThe Respiratory System

15. Using Your VoiceThe Respiratory System • Diaphragm >Power source for breathing >Muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal area >Reaches from the front of the ribs to the spine >Produces an effective voice • Lungs>Not muscles >Flow of air >Needs to be filled with air from the diaphragm • Bronchioles/Bronchi>Main air passageway into the lungs that split off from the trachea • Trachea>Windpipe • Larynx>Voice box/vocal cords • Pharynx>Oral cavity in the back of the mouth and nose • Nasal cavity>Large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face

16. Using Your Body • When you deliver a speech, what you do with your body conveys a nonverbal message to the audience • A well constructed stance or posture is essential if you want to communicate a positive message to your audience • Keep your body movement centralized • All body movement during a speech should have a rhythmic flow that is fluid, natural, and fits with the words being spoken

17. Using Your BodyPlatform Movement • Walking or stepping in a purposeful manner from one spot to another while speaking • Effective when going from one section of a speech to another, for changing emotional appeal, or when it feels natural • Move in a comfortable, relaxed manner by leading with the leg in the direction you are moving • Move toward your audience; vary your direction • Be aware of proxemics (the physical space you leave between you and your audience) • Three step method: Take your first step, cross over with the second step, then move the first leg forward so that you are once again standing firmly on both feet; good for smaller areas and easy to control • Five step method: Just like the three step method, but add two more steps; good for larger speaking areas; be careful not to lose your train of thought as you move

18. Using Your BodyGestures • Actions in which the body or parts of the body move to express an idea or emotion (remember Chapter 5?) • Should be natural and fit what you are saying • Should not be artificial or your audience will notice and no longer be interested in what you have to say • Usually associated with the arms, hands, shoulders, and the head • Works best when all the parts work together • Be careful gesturing with your hands; bring them up and out; they are to add to your message • Use the gesture zone: an imaginary box in front you similar to a television screen; do not go above your shoulders • The goal is to keep the audience focused on your face

19. Using Your BodyLift and Lay • Lift your arms and hands so that they move comfortably up and out, then lay your hands at the end of a gesture as if you were laying them on an imaginary table • Keep all parts within the gesture zone • Gives added importance to your message • Gives a sense of control and finality to your gesture

20. Using Your BodyThe “String” Idea (Puppeteer) • Imagine you have a long piece of string and it runs between both hands and is tied around your neck • Place one arm through the loop (like a sling) • What happens when you move your arm? • The “string” idea is a good way to remind yourself to keep the upper portion of your body actively involved when gesturing – just how all the parts of a puppet move when certain strings move

21. Using Your BodyThe Don’ts • The Flyaway>Your hands shoot out from your sides like missiles and appear to have no direction • The Judo Chop>You appear to mercilessly and repeatedly hatchet your message into the minds of your audience • The Penguin Wave>Your hands are down at your side and you attempt to gesture by flicking your wrists or fingers as a penguin might flick its wings while walking on land

22. Using Your Face • Your face is the most important nonverbal element in an effective delivery • Determines whether someone is believed or not • Shows your listeners how you feel about them, how you feel about your material, and how you feel about yourself as a speaker • If your face shows fear, you lose credibility with your audience • The eyes are the most important part of the face in delivering your message • Eye contact with your audience creates a positive impression with your audience • Be careful of tunnel vision; speak to zones and individuals for no longer than two seconds; don’t speak to walls or things • Watch for your audience’s expressions for instant feedback during your delivery to see if you need to adjust

23. Using Your BodyReview • What type of movement takes steps and moves from one spot to another? • You can control your hands when you are gesturing by being aware of ________________ • You should involve your entire __________ when you gesture. • What is a method of showing you how your head and shoulders should be an active extension of arm gestures? • What are three eye contact strategies?