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Pistachios

Pistachios. Chapter 22. Pistachios – Pistacia vera. They belong to the cashew family Originated in Iran Climate needed is a cool, moist winters and hot dry summers. The US is the second largest producer in the world with 31% of the market. (Iran has 48%)

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Pistachios

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  1. Pistachios Chapter 22

  2. Pistachios – Pistaciavera • They belong to the cashew family • Originated in Iran • Climate needed is a cool, moist winters and hot dry summers. • The US is the second largest producer in the world with 31% of the market. (Iran has 48%) • 22-30% of the US pistachio crop is exported to Europe.

  3. 98% of the US crop is grown in California. • 2% of the US crop is grown in Southern Arizona. • About 88,000 acres produce 250 million pounds of in-shell nuts per year. • They are alternate bearing trees. • Heavy years avg. 300 million lbs. • Light years avg. 180 million pounds • Planting is on the rise.

  4. Tree Growth and limiting factors • 25 to 30 feet tall. • Bear fruit 7 years after planting. • Can remain productive for up to 50 years. • Dioecioustrees, thus must plant male and female trees. • Chilling hours = 850 to 1000. • Bloom starts in early summer

  5. Climate needed is a cool, moist winters and hot dry summers. • Pistachios are cold hardy to about 60F. • 40” to 44” of water is needed per year. • Production is alternate bearing. • Production = 1700 to 3000 lbs in shell/acre • A fully mature tree can produce as much as 50 pounds of dry, hulled nuts.

  6. Site Selection

  7. Selecting Rootstocks

  8. Choosing Cultivars

  9. Orchard Layout • Pg 442

  10. Orchard Floor management, Irrigation & Fertilizers

  11. Insects Navel Orangeworm

  12. Soft scales Black scale Frosted scale

  13. Pistachio seed chalcid

  14. Green stink bug

  15. Leaffooted bug

  16. False chinch bug

  17. Diseases – Powdery mildew

  18. Verticillium Wilt

  19. Botrytis shoot blight

  20. Shoot blight

  21. Oak root fungus

  22. Diseases – Crown rot

  23. Weeds

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