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5.2 Mitosis

5.2 Mitosis. Some Terms You Need to Understand. Chromosome– long strand of DNA Chromosomes condense at the beginning of Mitosis DNA will wrap around histones , which condenses it. DNA and histones. Supercoiled DNA. DNA double helix. Chromatin. Chromosome Structure.

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5.2 Mitosis

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  1. 5.2 Mitosis

  2. Some Terms You Need to Understand • Chromosome– long strand of DNA • Chromosomes condense at the beginning of Mitosis • DNA will wrap around histones, which condenses it.

  3. DNA andhistones SupercoiledDNA DNA doublehelix Chromatin Chromosome Structure

  4. Condensed, duplicated chromosome A Few More Terms • Chromatin—When DNA wraps around histones, what is formed is called a chromatin. • Chromatid– 1 half of a duplicated chromosome. • Centromere • telomere

  5. The Beautiful Process Called The Cell Cycle • Interphase prepares the cell to divide • Time for duplication of organelles and DNA replication • 2 full sets of DNA that are large enough to divide • G1, Synthesis, G2 • G1—after cell division, matures and grows, makes cytoplasm and organelles, carries out normal functions • S—DNA replication • G2—makes all structures needed to survive

  6. Cell Division in Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes have no nucleus • Divide asexually by binary fission • Chromosome (circular) copies itself and becomes 2x the original size • Cell wall forms between chromosomes and parent cell splits in two • Results in 2 identical daughter cells

  7. Cell Division in Eukaryotes • MITOSIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  8. Mitosis • PMAT • Prophase—chromatin condenses to chromosome. • Nuclear envelop breaks down, nucleolus disappears, centromeres and centrioles start to migrate to opposite sides • Spindle fibers grow from centrioles and radiate to center of cell.

  9. PMAT • Metaphase– spindel fibers attach to protein structure on centromere • Align chromosome along the equator of cell

  10. PMAT • Anaphase—sister chromatids separate • Spindle fibers begin to shorten • This pulls sister chromatids away from each other • They move to opposite sides of the cell

  11. PMAT • Telophase—complete set of identical chromosomes are at each pole of the cell • Nuclear membrane starts to form • Chromosomes start to uncoil • Spindle fibers fall apart

  12. The Final Part • CYTOKINESIS—divides cytoplasm into 2 cells and goes through the cycle again.

  13. Mitosis at a Glance

  14. Find the Stage

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