Run II Status and Prospects

1. Run II Status and Prospects Jeff Spalding Fermilab June 14, 2004 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

2. Contents • Introduction • Major elements of the Run II “campaign” • Present performance • Status of the upgrade projects • Luminosity projection • Summary Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

3. Run II goal: maximize integrated luminosity delivered to CDF & D0 … Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

4. … with a program of upgrades throughout the complex Recycler Ring Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

5. Basis for the Plan: What drives the luminosity • Peak Luminosity • Luminosity lifetime (tunes, beam-beam interactions) • Reliable Operation ep,epbar,form factor F, b* provide some gains But major improvements from bunch intensities • especially total number of pbars BNpbar, (B=36 bunches for Run II) • proton brightness (Np/ep) is constrained by beam-beam tune shift Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

6. Major Elements of the Run II Campaign Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

7. Operational improvements and upgrade projects Near Term (and ongoing) • Improved reliability and operating efficiency • Failure modes, abort system improvements… • Tevatron alignment • Improved instrumentation throughout the complex • Optimization of transfers, improved optics and helices in Tevatron Upgrade Projects • Increase pbar production • Slip stacking • Pbar acceptance upgrade • Stacking rate and stack size (stacktail, Recycler, e-cooling) • Upgrade Tevatron for higher bunch intensities • Helix • TEL: active beam-beam compensation Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

8. Reliability • The number of store hours per week is up 27% from FY03 - the TEV is a more reliable machine. • Typical store length 15 hrs last year  >24 hrs now • Due to: • Alignment of the TEV • Dipole un-rolls, Low Beta alignment, Smart bolt retrofit • Reliability strategy • Aggressively pursue equipment failures • Individual components and Systems (e.g. TEV abort system) • Operations strategy • With improved reliability  run long stores • More time to ensure large stack size • Minimize the effects of store turnaround time • Minimize impact of parasitic studies • Short focused dedicated studies • Configuration control Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

9. Upgrade Projects Dynamic plan – adjust the strategy when new information from operations and project R&D Major Elements • Increase number of protons on the pbar production target • Slip stacking (5E12  >8E12 protons on pbar target) • Upgrade the target itself to handle higher intensity • Increase antiproton collection • Increase the gradient of the antiproton collection lens • Increase the aperture of the antiproton collection transfer line (AP2) and the Debuncher ring. • Increase the antiproton stacking and storing capabilities • Increase the flux capability of the Accumulator stacktail stochastic cooling system. • Use the Recycler as a second antiproton storage ring, with both stochastic and electron cooling • Upgrade Tevatron to handle higher intensity bunches. • Improvements to helix separation and smoothness • Active compensation for beam-beam tune shift using the TEL Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

10. Status of Operations Run I Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

11. Status: Integrated Luminosity Compare the last 12 months to the year before Up 55% with 14% fewer scheduled running weeks Average integrated luminosity per week is up 80% Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

12. Status: Peak Luminosity Current best = 7.6E31 cm-2s-1 * Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

13. Summary of Current Operations • Booster running at record intensities • Major improvements in transfer efficiencies and emittances, TEV tunes, optics and helix • Improved reliability and operations allows longer stores  larger stacks  higher luminosity • However, stacking rate is ~75% of current goal – present focus of investigation and improvement for the stacktail and core cooling systems • Near term: introduce mixed-source operation (pbars loaded from both Accumulator and Recycler) – first [pilot] store 6/9/04 successful (6.7E31) • And slip-stacking by end of 04 ( already tested at 75% of design intensity) – awaits completion of RF upgrade Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

14. Status of the Upgrade Projects Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

15. Main Injector • Slip Stacking (goal x1.8ppp on pbar tgt) • Excellent progress • Tested @ 6 x 1012 and 1.5 nsec bunch length on pbar target • Reliable operation >8 x 1012 requires RF upgrade (beam-loading compensation) • On track for end of this year. Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

16. Pbar Source Pbar Acceptance (goal: x2) • Lithium Lens (goal x 1.1) • Prototype of new design (higher field gradient) bench test successful • AP2 and Debuncher aperture increase (goal x1.8) • Developed procedures for beam-based identification of limiting apertures, identified components to modify Stacktail cooling upgrade • Cooling system upgrade (extends the bandwith 2-4 2-6 GHz) • Requires the large stack to be in Recycler (with e-cool), and “rapid transfers” • Not [easily] reversible emphasize a phased approach • Interim upgrade (05) [NEW] • Reconfigure existing cooling tanks -quick and reversible • Simulated performance ~30E10 per hr • Full upgrade, with new cooling tanks (06) • Simulated performance ~40E10 per hr Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

17. Recycler • The Recycler has made excellent progress over the past year • Transverse emittance growth is no longer an issue (vacuum problems solved) • Met the performance specs needed for commissioning electron cooling • Ready to be integrated into operations (with stochastic cooling)  Provides possibility for interim operating phase [NEW] • Extract pbars from both Accumulator and Recycler: “mixed-source” • e.g. 24 bunches from the Accumulator + 12 bunches from the Recycler • A few (2-4) interim transfers from Accumulator to Recycler • Improves average stacking rate in the Accumulator • Reasons • Push Recycler commissioning progress by plunging it into operations • Potential luminosity enhancement – more pbars for smaller emittances • Break-even right now, potential for up to 20% gain in the next year • Flexibility in the Run II Upgrade schedule • Merge more naturally into commissioning electron cooling Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

18. Electron Cooling • R&D program on e-beam is complete, now moving the setup to the Recycler • R&D scheduled stretched by ~2 months  NOT BAD! • Operational test of the full system successful • All major components, diagnostics and controls developed and tested • Beam properties achieved close to spec (analysis ongoing) • Will add additional Pelletron section at Recycler  reliable operation at 4.3 MeV • Commission e-beam and then pbar cooling in Recycler, parasitic to HEP, then intro e-cooled stacks to HEP (05) • Still R&D (until pbar cooling demonstrated next year), but excellent progress Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

19. Tevatron Major improvements so far • Lifetime at 150 GeV • Larger aperture, alignment and dipole un-rolls • Emittance dilution reduced • De-coupling at TEV injection, optimization of injection optics • Helix improvements • CDF IP • Centered beam in low beta quads (4mm move at CDF), and re-aligned the quadrupoles • New Low Beta Optics • 20% increase in luminosity Upgrades • Further alignment improvements in shutdown 04 (and 05) • Add separators and polarity switches in shutdown 04 and 05  improved helices Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

20. Luminosity Projections Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

21. Luminosity Projection • Luminosity model incorporates • Performance parameters from simulation, parametric model and data • Long term operating experience • Sustained average store length was 15 hrs (now >24) • Sustained average 85 store hrs/week (operating weeks often >>100) • Scheduled shutdowns + turn on & recovery + learning slopes • Expect to do better on some parameters, worse on others • What’s new • The following plots are from Feb04 DOE review • Illustrate strategy • Updated projection will be similar in scale • We are in the process of updating the projections for: • e-cooling and stacktail schedules and strategy • Improved reliability (longer stores and stacking) • Mixed-source op - assume break even (conservative) Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

22. Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) Integrated Luminosity • Design Projection • - No schedule contingency, maintains eng. design margin per subproject • Base Projection • - Assumes schedule slip for all subprojects and that all subprojects under perform Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

23. Design and Base Projections (Feb04 DOE Review) Integrated Luminosity per Week We are here Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

24. Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Our plan is to deliver the Design Projection but develop strategy for fallback scenarios: • Base Projection models schedule slip and under-performance for all upgrades • Can also ask: where would we be • without Recycler & e-cooling? • with e-cooling, but without stacktail upgrade? Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

25. Design Projection Electron Cooling Stacktail Upgrade Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 32p-mm-mrad Slip Stacking at 8x1012 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 39x1010/hr Stk in Accum = 20x1010 Stk in Rec’r = 570x1010 Base Projection As above with sched & param slip Parameters in FY09 Debuncher & AP2 at 25p Slip Stacking at 7x1012 ppp Av. Stk Rate = 24x1010/hr Stk in Accum = 24x1010 Stk in Rec’r = 360x1010 Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) • BlackProjection • NO Electron Cooling • NO Stacktail Upgrade • Parameters in FY09 • Debuncher & AP2 at 21p • Slip Stacking at 7x1012 • Av. Stk Rate = 14x1010/hr • Stk in Accum = 205x1010 • Stk in Rec’r = 0x1010 • Purple Projection • Electron Cooling • NO Stacktail Upgrade • Parameters in FY09 • Debuncher & AP2 at 20p • Slip Stacking at 8x1012 • Av. Stk Rate = 23x1010/hr • Stk in Acum = 58x1010 • Stk in Rec’r = 337x1010 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

26. Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) with e-cooling, but w/o stacktail upgd without e-cooling & stacktail upgd Branch points from Design Projection Design Purple Black Assumes average store length 15 hrs Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

27. 50 40 30 Integrated Luminosity per Week (pb-1) 20 10 0 9/29/03 9/29/04 9/30/05 10/1/06 10/2/07 10/2/08 10/3/09 Start of Fiscal Year Strategy Changes WARNING: curves not yet updated changes in green to be implemented Design e-cooling and interim stacktail upgrade will be delayed to fall 2005, full upgrade in 06 interim Stacktail upgrade Purple Black mixed-source operation longer stores Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

28. Risk Analysis / Strategy (Feb04 DOE Review) Design Purple Black Base Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding

29. Summary • Current performance is above the design projection • 80% higher weekly luminosity than a year ago • Major achievements in the last year (Tevatron perf, Recycler…) • There is a complex-wide plan for the Run II campaign • Plan is dynamic: schedule/scope adjustments, mixed-source, capitalize on improved reliability • The upgrade projects are making good technical progress • The plan and progress are formally reviewed by DOE • With the updated plan, expect the design projection to be close to the previous 8.5 fb-1 2009, with fall-back scenarios >4.5 fb-1 Run II Status and Prospects - Spalding