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ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004. Solar System Science with the ALMA. Mark Gurwell. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004. (alternate title for cosmologists). The Really Really Really Really Really Really Really Low Z Universe with the ALMA.

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ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

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  1. ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004 Solar System Science with the ALMA Mark Gurwell Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  2. (alternate title for cosmologists) The Really Really Really Really ReallyReallyReally Low Z Universe with the ALMA Mark Gurwell Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  3. ALMA - What’s It Good For? We can use it to study pretty much everything out there: • Planetary and satellite atmospheres (DRSP Theme 4.1) • Solid surfaces of planets, rings, satellites, KBOs and other minor bodies (DRSP Theme 4.2) • Cometary comae and nuclei (DRSP theme 4.3) ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  4. Synergy/’the competition’ Need synergy with, to complement, and/or to exceed current and future observatories, e.g. SMA HST/NGST MRO IRAM JCMT (E)V L A B I M A OVRO ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  5. ALMA Sensitivity I -Point Source Sensitivity in 60 s* Charon (mJy) 0.15 0.95 2.02 6.25 Frequency (GHz) 90 230 345 650 Continuum (mJy) 0.031 0.060 0.14 1.9 1 km s-1 (mJy) 5.1 6.1 11 120 *From http://www.alma.nrao.edu/info/sensitivities/index.html ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  6. ALMA Sensitivity II-High Resolution D (AU) 0.3 1 5 10 30 50 100 25 mas (km) 5.4 18 91 181 544 907 1813 Thanks to Karl Menten for this plot! ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  7. Before the DRSP details: What are we interested in? A non-exhaustive list How are the denizens of the solar system alike? How are they different? How do they ‘work’? What evolution have they undergone? Are there conditions for life elsewhere? How unique is our solar system? Now, on to the Details… ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  8. 4.1.1 Planetary Atmospheres - Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics Courtesy Todd Clancy SMA Mars CO 2-1 Map JCMT Venus Wind Measurement ALMA will measure vertical thermal structure and directly characterize winds on Mars and Venus on size scales of 100 km or less. ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  9. 4.1.2 Planetary Atmospheres - Mars 3D Water Cycle Clancy et al 1990 VLA 22 GHz Water Map OVRO 226 GHz HDO Map ALMA can match HST resolution with sensitivity to mm/sub mm transitions to study atmospheric temperature and water distribution in 3D ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  10. 4.1.3 Planetary Atmospheres -Chemistry and Trace Species Detection JCMT data, Courtesy Todd Clancy ALMA will have sensitivity and spatial resolution to seek, find, and map the distribution of trace atmospheric species on Mars, Venus and other planets ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  11. 4.1.5 Planetary Atmospheres -Tropospheres of Giant Planets (top) Phosphine 3-2 on Jupiter (CSO FTS, Weisstein and Serabyn) (left) 3.6 cm tropospheric emission during SL/9 impact (Grossman et al.) ALMA’s continuum sensitivity (8 GHz bandwidth) will allow detection of thermal gradients, belt/zone structure and very broad absorption lines from giant planet tropospheres ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  12. 4.1.6 Planetary Atmospheres - Titan’s Atmospheric Chemistry/Dynamics Gurwell (2004) SMA 850 micron unresolved observations OVRO 1.2 mm low res maps of nitriles Titan is cool! And with ALMA we will be able to study its atmosphere with unprecedented detail, including direct measure of winds and 3D structure of temperature and molecular abundances on scales of a few hundred km ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  13. 4.1.7 and 4.2.3 Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces - Io’s Volcanism Io: 3630 km diameter = 1” at 5 AU 500 km plume = 140 mas Galileo images courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech. ALMA can map thermal emission from the surface showing location and temperature of hot spots, and can map molecules in volcanic plumes ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  14. 4.2.2 and 4.2.5 Planetary Surfaces -Mapping Mercury and Asteroids VLA image courtesy Bryan Butler SMT data courtesy Amy Lovell ALMA will map temperature in the upper centimeter of the surfaces of terrestrial planets, moons, and minor bodies, providing understanding of surface material characteristics ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  15. 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 Planetary Surfaces - Mapping Pluto and Charon Pluto is 100 mas and Charon is 50 mas at current distance from sun. ALMA will map the thermal emission from Pluto and Charon with up to 40 resolution elements, measuring temperature and/or emissivity variations that may change with time ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  16. 4.2.x Planetary Surfaces - Sizes, Temperatures, and Albedos of Distant Bodies ALMA will measure the temperatures of numerous KBOs in a matter of minutes, and modestly resolve the largest objects in the outer solar Kuiper Belt (and beyond?!) Shamelessly taken from Mike Brown’s website ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  17. 4.3 Comets Hale-Bopp Blake et al 2000 (OVRO) ALMA will study the molecular gas streaming from comets with great detail, informing our understanding of comet composition and coma chemistry ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  18. 4.3 Comets II SMA observations by Qi et al ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  19. Beyond… More shameless pilfering by moi from Mike Brown! ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  20. 4.4 Extrasolar Planets What if… Alpha centauri unit Alpha centauri unit It’s the same guy! Coincidence? Hmmm… Special thanks to David Wilner as cocreator of L&O: ACU ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  21. 4.1.1 Extrasolar Planets - Direct Detection of Jupiters around Nearby Stars I 1600 K 800 K 400 K Jupiter Saturn ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  22. 4.1.1 Extrasolar Planets - Direct Detectionof Jupiters around Nearby Stars II 1600 K 800 K 400 K Jupiter Saturn ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  23. And even further beyond… Courtesy David Wilner Ahh, but Neal covered this earlier… ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  24. Concluding Remarks Important Considerations: High Fidelity Imaging Imaging Scales from 10mas to degrees Bandpass Fidelity Over Large Bandwidth Long Baselines/High Resolution 1% Amplitude Calibration is Good Tracking of ‘Fast’, and Close, Objects Radar in the future? ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  25. Concluding Remarks ALMA will be an incredibly sensitive instrument for continuum and line observations of solar system objects. With resolution comparable to or exceeding nearly all other observatories save robotic missions, it will have a major impact in solar system studies ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

  26. Acknowledgements Thanks to R. Todd Clancy, Amy Lovell, Karl Menten, Charlie Qi, Bryan Butler (without his knowledge, perhaps) and David Wilner for valuable contributions to this presentation. ALMA Science Workshop, May 2004

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