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Creating the Constitution Chapter 2, Section 4

Creating the Constitution Chapter 2, Section 4. Basically written so 13 countries could work together on some issues State governments had most of the power. Many members didn’t attend Congress, so laws couldn’t be passed (quorum)

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Creating the Constitution Chapter 2, Section 4

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  1. Creating the ConstitutionChapter 2, Section 4

  2. Basically written so 13 countries could work together on some issues • State governments had most of the power

  3. Many members didn’t attend Congress, so laws couldn’t be passed (quorum) • Articles couldn’t be amended without unanimous consent of ALL states

  4. The Solution: • May 25, 1787 – The states meet in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation

  5. The Framers • Framers - the group of delegates who attended the Constitutional Convention • Rhode Island – only colony that didn’t attend • 55 Delegates met • “Never before or since, has so remarkable a group of men been brought together in this country.” Thomas Jefferson

  6. Organization and Procedure • Rules of procedure: • Majority of the states needed to conduct business (Quorum) • Each state delegation had one vote on all matters. • Majority of the votes would carry a proposal.

  7. The Plan • Clearly the Articles couldn’t be fixed • 5 Days after the Convention began, they voted to create a new Constitution

  8. Organization and Procedure • Worked in secrecy • James Madison became the floor leader • Called the “Father of the Constitution” • Only delegate to bring a plan

  9. Virginia Plan • James Madison’s plan • Bicameral Legislature • Representation in each housed based on • State’s population • Amount of money it gave to central government

  10. Virginia Plan • Lower house were popularly elected. • Senate (upper house) were chosen by the house from list of persons nominated by state legislatures. • Congress was given all powers under Articles plus: • Veto state law in conflict with national law • Use force to make states comply

  11. Virginia Plan • Congress would choose a “National Executive” and a “National Judiciary” • These two branches called the “Council of Revision” • Could veto congress • Veto could be overridden by the two houses. • Congress could admit new states to the union

  12. Virginia Plan • Create a new Constitution by revising the Articles • Create a truly national government with greatly expanded powers • Ability to enforce those powers • Smaller states did not like it

  13. The New Jersey Plan • Retained unicameral Congress • Each state equally represented • Added powers to tax and regulate trade between states. • Federal executive of more than one person chosen by Congress

  14. The New Jersey Plan • Could be removed by a majority of the states governors. • Federal judiciary, ”supreme tribunal” appointed by the executive

  15. Major Point of Disagreement • How would states be represented?

  16. The Connecticut Compromise • Settled the conflict • Congress composed of two houses. • Senate = states represented equally. • House of Representatives = based on population. • Was called the “Great Compromise”

  17. 3 Major Conflicts: • Representation in Congress • Counting Slaves • Commerce / Slave Trade

  18. The Three-Fifths Compromise • How should slaves be counted in the south? • South thought they should be counted • North thought they should not. • Free persons were counted and “Three fifths of all other persons”

  19. Commerce / Slave Trade Compromise • The South had concerns re: power of the federal gov’t to regulate trade • Compromise: • Congress couldn’t tax state exports • Couldn’t do anything to slave trade for 20 years (1808)

  20. Summary • Despite many compromises, the Framers agreed on the basics: • Need for greater powers at the Federal level • Representative government • Power should rest with the People • Government should be limited • Finished Sept. 17, 1787

  21. Homework • Read pp.56-58 • Answer p. 58 (1-5)

  22. Ratification – The process of approval Ratification of the Constitution

  23. Ratification of the Constitution • Federalists – Supported the strong Federal government of the new Constitution • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison • John Jay

  24. Ratification of the Constitution • Federalists • Represented the elite (upper classes)from coastal regions • Wrote the Federalist Papers in support of the Constitution

  25. Ratification of the Constitution • Antifederalists – Opposed the new Constitution • Wanted strong state governments • Samuel Adams • Patrick Henry

  26. Ratification of the Constitution • Antifederalists • Represented backcountry farmers • Demanded a Bill of Rights to protect people from their government

  27. Bill of Rights 1st 10 Amendments Added to ensure ratification of Constitution

  28. Political Foundations Bill of Rights: Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly Right to bear arms Fair Trials

  29. Political Foundations Protection from: Unreasonable Search and Seizure

  30. Bell Ringer (5) • Announcements • Review (5-10) • New Content (Basic Constitutional Principles) (20) • Mini-Poster Assignment (20) • Constitution Reading (20) • Romney Speech

  31. Outline of the Constitution • Preamble • 7 Articles outlining the government’s organization • 27 Amendments

  32. Outline of the Constitution • Articles I-III: 3 Branches of Government • Article IV: States & their relationship to the National Government • Article V: Amendment process • Article VI: Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land • Article VII: Process for ratification

  33. Basic Constitutional Principles • Popular Sovereignty – People hold ALL the power in our government

  34. Basic Constitutional Principles • Limited Government –Government can only do what the Constitution says it can

  35. Basic Constitutional Principles • Separation of Powers – Governmental powers are broken up into 3 branches

  36. Political Foundations • Checks and Balances – Branches should hold each other accountable • Chart, p.68 – KNOW IT!

  37. Basic Constitutional Principles • Federalism – The division between & sharing of power between the state and National Governments

  38. Basic Constitutional Principles • Judicial Review– Courts determine if government is following the Constitution

  39. Homework • Create a mini poster that illustrates the 6 principles of the Constitution. • For each, include the principle, a brief definition and an image that illustrates the concept. • Your choice: Color OR obvious artistic effort

  40. Homework • Read Article I of the Constitution (pp. 760-766) • Take notes on Article I (optional) • Be ready for a 10-question open-note quiz over Article I next time we meet

  41. The Legislative Branch

  42. Objective Explain the explicit and implicit organizational structures of Congress

  43. (p.262-263)

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