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TETRAPODS

TETRAPODS. Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (Chapter 9). What is a tetrapod?. Tetra – four Pod- foot Air breathing Vertebrate Terrestrial ancestor Marine reptiles, birds, and mammals. What is a tetrapod?. Depend on sea for food Spend significant time in the sea

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TETRAPODS

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  1. TETRAPODS Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (Chapter 9)

  2. What is a tetrapod? • Tetra – four • Pod- foot • Air breathing • Vertebrate • Terrestrial ancestor • Marine reptiles, birds, and mammals

  3. What is a tetrapod? • Depend on sea for food • Spend significant time in the sea • Birds & mammals are homeothermic

  4. Marine Reptiles

  5. Marine Reptiles • Body enclosed in carapace (shell) fused to backbone • Legs adapted as flippers • Primarily warm water habitats • Diet: sea grasses, soft invertebrates, some crabs & molluscs, JELLYFISH

  6. Marine Reptile: Reproduction • Females lay eggs on land • Oviparous…what? Time out!

  7. Types of embryo development • Viviparous – eggs develop inside female and embryo gets nutrition from the mother (humans)

  8. Types of embryo development • Oviparous – animal releases eggs & sperm (broadcast spawning)

  9. Types of embryo development • Ovoviviparous – eggs develop inside mother’s body, hatch just before birth

  10. Marine Reptile: Reproduction • Oviparous…what? Time out! • Females lay eggs on land • Babies hatch (usually at night) and return to the sea • Eggs eaten by dogs, crabs, other land animals • Babies eaten by seabirds and fish

  11. Marine Reptiles: Land to Sea • Tough leathery shell on egg prevents drying out • Nasal glands and kidneys – remove excess salt

  12. Seabirds • Homeotherms & endotherms • Live in wide variety of environements • Waterproof feathers keep them warm • Light hollow bones = easier flight

  13. Seabirds • Significant time in/on water • Most breed in large colonies on land • Mate as lifelong pairs • Take care of young • Webbed feet to swim • Predators: squid, invertebrates, fish, and krill

  14. Seabirds: Shorebirds • Wadders • Usually not webbed feet • Live on coasts & inland waterways • Plovers, Sandpipers, Herons

  15. Seabirds: Penguins • No flight • Great swimmers • Eyes adapted for underwater • Cold temps – layer of fat under dense feathers

  16. Seabirds: Pelicans & Relatives • Webbing between all toes • Generally large • Fish eaters • Large pouch under beak (pelicans and frigate birds) • Pelican, Cormorant, Frigate Birds

  17. Seabirds: Gulls • Largest variety • Predators and scavengers • Eat eggs and young of other birds • Gulls, Terns, Puffins

  18. Seabirds: Tubenoses • Tube like nostrils • Heavy beaks, usually curved – adapted for food • Great fliers and hunters (fish) • Migrators – go to Arctic in summer • Albatross and Shearwaters

  19. Marine Mammals Breaking Down the Groups

  20. Kingdom: Anamalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order:…

  21. Order Pinepedia Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses • paddle shaped flippers, breed on land • most live in cold water • warmed by blubber • predators: prey on fish • excellent swimmers

  22. Order Carnivora Sea Otter • Live in cold water – air trapped beneath fur keeps warm • Ravenous – molluscs, crabs, invertebrates, fish and of course….. Sea Urchins

  23. Order Carnivora Polar Bear Live in the Arctic Semi aquatic Eat seals

  24. Piniped v. CarnivoraWhat’s the difference? • It’s all in the feet… • Pinniped = finned or feathered feet

  25. Order Sirenia Manatees and Dugongs • Herbivores • Slow moving • Fully aquatic • Warm water • Manatees: N and S America & W. Africa • Dugong: Asia

  26. Order Cetacea Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises • Fully aquatic • Streamlined bodies for swimming • Divided by baleen and toothed Filter feeding carnivorous whales (whales, porpoise, dolphin)

  27. Reading You are responsible for the information on the following pages: 177-180 (through sea turtles) 183 - only Figure 9.7 185 – only intro to Marine Mammals 188-194 (only to bottom of 1st column) Plus all notes and handouts/reading

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