Chanwoo Park, Donbum Choi , Sanglog Kwak , Jongbae Wang

1. 23rd International Railway Safety Conference Vancouver, Canada Development of Ergonomic Evaluation Technology for Improvement of Work Environment in Driver's Cabs Wednesday, October 9, 2013 Chanwoo Park, DonbumChoi, SanglogKwak, Jongbae Wang

2. Background • Railway accidents caused by train drivers continuously occur. • Major parts of human factor-related accidents are associated with drivers. • Drivers' errors may lead to major railway accidents such as train derailment.

3. Background • Human factor engineering has been studied focusing on human-system interaction • in order to help users use the system in a convenient and safe way. • Human factor engineering has been studied centering on cars and airplanes in Korean • transportation sector. • That implies that the research on rail human factors is required. • The projects for a driver's cab were completed in Europe, e.g. • - EUDD (European Driver's Desk, 2001-2003) • - MODTRAIN/EUCAB (2004-2008) • - EUDDplus (a driver's desk for Europe, 2006-2010)

4. Background • As for the railway field in Korea, the standard on driver's cab has been • recently proposed as part of the guidelines on locomotive vehicle safety standard. • But studies on ergonomic design considering domestic driver's physical • characteristics are insufficient. • In this context, Korea Railroad Research Institute has tried with this research • project since 2011.

5. Research Objective • This presentation introduces the results of this research project. • As for the research methods, we have tried to achieve the safety of railway • vehicles by applying system engineering and various ergonomic approaches. • This shall be the Korea`s first research into ergonomic evaluation and improvement • of locomotive cabs.

6. Design with human physical features • Design alternatives cost less and have a great potential influence during concept design. • Statistic body measures and features of each nation are different. • Reflecting physical features of drivers shall be important during concept design .

7. Human-Machine Interface in Locomotive Cabs • The locomotive cab is the place where core equipment is centered.

8. International Standard and Regulation • UIC 651 leaflet provides train minimum and maximum physical dimensions • for designing the locomotive cab and basic space requirements in numerical values. • TSI provides that the same criteria as those of UIC 651 should be followed.

9. Development of Requirements for the Improvement of Driving Cabs • Korean government is about to revise ‘railway safety act’ and related guidelines completely • as part of ‘rail safety strengthening measures’. • Especially, among these regulations, a bill is being carried forward regarding driving cabs • The establishment of regulations and guidelines on railway safety provides crucial standards for • the development of locomotive vehicles. • Therefore, it is important to derive requirements to establish regulations on railroad safety • because the requirements are directly connected to the safety of locomotive vehicles. Identification of Requirement elements Creation of requirements Reconstruction of sentences Examination of requirements

10. Requirement Development Procedure Development of requirement architecture activity process Preceding research Categories based on comparison/analysis of Preceding research Presentation of an integral system category for work environment in locomotive driving cabs Establishment of requirement management system referring to the system scope Presentation of requirement creation template & guideline Creation of requirements Requirement change complying with domestic standards. Presentation of application plan through regulations Derivation of assessment requirements Establishment of environment following the development of requirement assessment procedure Development of relevant regulations and assessment procedure through requirement architecture activity

11. Korean Train Driver' s Physical Characteristics

12. Korean Train Driver Body Models

13. Cases of Application according to Korean Driver Body Models (Subway Line No. 2 VVVF electric locomotive) • Evaluation of Visibility for Korean Virtual Drivers

14. Cases of Application according to Korean Driver Body Models (Subway Line No. 2 VVVF electric locomotive) • Operability of Horn Valve (Driver' s Seat Adjustment, 5th Percentile Female Driver) It is hard to operate the horn valve at the bottom of the driver' s seat

15. Application Cases according to Physical Characteristics (7400 Series Locomotive) • In order to evaluate the appropriateness of train driver human body models, • 7400 series locomotive was selected and modeled. • The appropriateness was evaluated based on developed ergonomic requirements.

16. Application Cases according to Physical Characteristics (7400 Series Locomotive) • Drivers who look at tracks forward should change their position to operate a control. • Driver Workspace (Looking Ahead) • Driver Gaze in the Seating Posture • (Operation of Control Systems) • Driver Gaze in the Seating Posture

17. Application Cases according to Physical Characteristics (7400 Series Locomotive) • The microphone was also in the opposite location. • The radio is out of the maximum working area. • Only one side of track is visible from the driver seat. • It is hard to operate controls in standing position • because the space between the controls and the driver seat is narrow.

18. Application Cases according to Physical Characteristics (7400 Series Locomotive) • The improved model of the cab of 7400 series locomotive • The task load and the human errors of divers quantitatively were evaluated • using NASA-TLX(Task Load Index)and HEAR (Human Error Analysis and Reduction) method. Real model improved model • The human errors and • the task-load were reduced • substantially.

19. Conclusion • This study • Compared domestic drivers ' physical characteristics to proceeding studies • Considered ergonomic elements for the placement of workspace and equipments • Developed ergonomic evaluation guidelines, requirements, CAD models and • evaluation S/W for local locomotive cab designs. • Accordingly, we will be able to • Use the results to draw out improvements for locomotive cabs currently in service • Apply those results to ergonomic evaluation for the next MMIS design of locomotive • cabs.

20. UIC Asia Project on the Layout of Drivers' Cab in Asian Rail Vehicle • A guideline which defines requirements for Asian driver's cabs will be created. • Asian drivers' sizes will be analyzed and Asian anthropometric averages will be • gained to find Asian universal dimensions having adequate adjustability. • Work environment including dimension, layout, visibility, seats, driver's desk and • main equipment will be investigated for comfortable and efficient cab design. • Requirements for each element will be generated. • Collection of opinions from Asian railway organizations, • use of computer-aided design and simulation will be conducted. • Duration: September, 2013 - 2014 • Call for the participant organization & country to support and consult the project.

21. E-mail: cwpark@krri.re.kr Thank you!감사합니다.