Introduction to Computer Science

1. Introduction to Computer Science Information Systems Lecture a This material (Comp 4 Unit 8) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90WT0001. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

2. Information SystemsLearning Objectives - 1 • Define information system, explain its purpose, and provide examples (Lecture a) • Describe the components of an information system (Lecture a) • Describe the process of information system development (Lecture b)

3. Information SystemsLearning Objectives - 2 • Introduce specialized information systems (Lecture c) • Explain how information systems are used in health care (Lecture c)

4. Systems • A set of interacting and interdependent entities forming an integrated whole: • Biological systems • Socio-Cultural systems • Computer systems • Business systems Respiratory System (clker.com, 2007, PD-US)

5. Information Systems • Set of • People • Procedures • Hardware • Software • Data • Work together for • Decision making • Management • Operational activities

6. Information Systems Tasks • Input • Data Entry • Processing • Data Manipulation • Output • Reports, Summaries, Other Documents • Feedback

7. Data • Raw values collected for some purpose • Number of hours worked • Weight • Medical record number • Multiple representations • Alpha-numeric • Images • Video • Audio (clker.com, 2007, PD-US)

8. Information and Knowledge • Information: Data that is organized • Relationships • Knowledge: Understanding relationships within the data

9. Characteristics of Useful Information • Accessible • Accurate • Complete • Relevant • Reliable • Timely • Verifiable

10. Goals of the Information System • Provide access to information and knowledge • Provide tools for management of processes and services • Enable communications and collaboration both inside and outside of the institution (clker.com, 2007, PD-US)

11. Information Systems Implementation • Manual • Paper, file based systems • Users record data • Experts provide analysis • Computer based • Hardware, software, networks • Users record data • Computer and experts analyze data (clker.com, 2007, PD-US) (clker.com, 2009, PD-US)

12. Business Information Systems • Transaction processing systems • Management information systems (MIS) • Decision support systems • Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP)

13. Enterprise Resource Planning (Nikos, 2011 CC BY-SA 3.0)

14. Health Care Information Systems • Hospital/Clinic Business Information Systems • Laboratory Information Systems • Imaging Information Systems • Scheduling Systems • Clinical Decision Support Systems • Electronic Health Records Systems

15. Components of Information Systems • Hardware • Software • Databases • Networks • Processes • People

16. Processes • Procedures for accomplishing tasks • Workflows provide a big picture of how processes are connected together • Can be modeled • Use case diagrams • Activity diagrams (Dekker, 2009, CC BY-SA 3.0)

17. People: Stakeholders • System owners • Interested in information adding new business knowledge • System users • Capture, store, process, edit, and use data everyday • System designers • Create detailed designs • System builders • Create system (clker.com, 2011, PD-US)

18. System Owners • Usually from management • Interested in the bottom line • System cost • Value or benefits returned to the business

19. System Users • Majority of information workers • Not concerned with costs/benefits • Concerned with system functionality related to their jobs • Ease of learning • Ease of use • Get the job done

20. System Designers • Software designers/developers • Database administrators • Network architects • Web architects • Graphic artists • Security experts

21. System Builders • Applications programmers • Systems programmers • Database programmers • System/Network administrators • Security administrators • Webmasters • Systems integrators

22. Project Manager • Project teams require management • One or more stakeholders take on the role of a Project Manager (PM) • Ensures on-time development • Keeps project within budget • Maintains acceptable quality

23. Information SystemsSummary - Lecture a • Information Systems are designed to support decision making, management, and operational activities • Information systems combine technology and people to process data and produce information • Stakeholders of an information system are owners, users, designers, and builders

24. Information SystemsReferences – 1 – Lecture a References Activity Diagrams. (2011, Nov 17). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_diagram Evans, A., Martin, K., & Poatsey, M. (2010). Technology in Action: Complete (7th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall. OpenERP. (2011, Nov 25). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from OpenERP: http://www.openerp.com Shelley, G., & Rosenblatt, H. (2010). Systems Analysis and Design (8th ed.). Boston: Course Technology. Shelley, G., & Vermaat, M. (2010). Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. (1st ed.). Boston: Course Technology. Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (2010). Fundamentals of Information Systems (5th ed.). Boston: Course Technology.

25. Information SystemsReferences – 2 – Lecture a References UML Activity Diagrams. (2011, Sep 5). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from UML Diagrams: http://www.uml-diagrams.org/activity-diagrams.html Use Case Diagrams. (2011, Nov 25). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_case_diagram Whitten, J., & Bentley, L. (2007). Systems Analysis and Design Methods (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Images Slide 4: Respiratory System Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/18/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-12109.html. (PD-US). Slide 5: Info ButtonImage [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 9/20/2010; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-blue-information-glossy-button.html. (PD-US).

26. Information SystemsReferences – 3 – Lecture a Images Slide 7: Audio File Icon Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/13/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-3701.html. (PD-US). Slide 8: Lightbulb Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/18/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-12330.html. (PD-US). Slide 9: Teamwork icon Image [image on the Internet]. c 2007 [Updated 10/11/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_teamwork.png . (GNU-GPL). Slide 10: Paper and Pencil Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/13/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-1853.html. (PD-US). Slide 11: Pencil Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/13/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-1853.html. (PD-US). Slide 11: Computer Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 4/27/2009; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-26904.html. (PD-US).

27. Information SystemsReferences – 4 – Lecture a Images Slide 13: OpenERP Screenshot Image [image on the Internet]. Nikos (c 2011). [Updated 6/9/2011; cited 11/20/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenERP_V6.png. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Slide 16: Use Case Diagram Image [image on the Internet]. c 2002 [Updated 9/23/2009; cited 11/26/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Use_case_restaurant_model.svg. (CC BY-SA 3.0). Slide 17: People Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 1/6/2011; cited 11/26/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-population.html. (PD-US).

28. Introduction to Computer Science Information SystemsLecture a This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 90WT0001.