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MORE OF CHAPTER 3

MORE OF CHAPTER 3. THE POLYATOMIC IONS. YOU MUST MEMORIZE, BY THE EXAM, ALL OF THE POLY ATOMIC IONS AND THEIR CHARGES. TIPS ON NAMES AND CHARGES –

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MORE OF CHAPTER 3

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  1. MORE OF CHAPTER 3

  2. THE POLYATOMIC IONS • YOU MUST MEMORIZE, BY THE EXAM, ALL OF THE POLY ATOMIC IONS AND THEIR CHARGES. • TIPS ON NAMES AND CHARGES – IF IT ENDS IN ‘ATE’ IT WILL HAVE ___OXYGENS IF___________________ _________________________________ OTHERWISE IT WILL HAVE _____ OXYGENS. IF IT HAS ‘PER’ IN FRONT OF THE NAME, IT WILL HAVE ONE MORE OXYGEN THAN ITS ‘____’. EXAMPLES FOLLOW:

  3. NAMING ACIDS – Binary and ternary (oxy) acids BINARY – COMPOSED OF _______________________, ______________________________________________ NAME AS ____________ NON METAL_________ACID. OXY ACIDS – COMPOSED OF ____________________ ______________________________________________ OR A ________________________________________ _____________________________________________. NAME AS ________________ ‘IC’ ACID OR AS POLYATOMIC ION ‘IC’ ACID. EXAMPLES:

  4. TYPES OF CHEMICAL FORMULAS • MOLECULAR-______________________ __________________________________ • CONDENSED-______________________ __________________________________ • STRUCTURAL-_____________________ __________________________________ EXAMPLES:

  5. WHAT ARE HYDRATED COMPOUNDS? • HYDRATED COMPOUNDS ___________ __________________________________ EXAMPLES: AFTER HEATING THEY BECOME ANHYDROUS- THE ________________ _________________________________ EXAMPLE:

  6. MOLAR MASS OF COMPOUNDS • MOLECULAR WEIGHT -_____________ _________________________________ EXAMPLE: • FORMULA WEIGHT-_________________ _________________________________ EXAMPLE:

  7. MOLE TO MASS • CONVERT 3.25 MOLES OF PROPANE (C3H8) TO GRAMS • CONVERT 5.50 GRAMS OF CALCIUM SULFATE TO MOLES.

  8. MOLES TO ATOMS • CONVERT 6.21 MOLES OF WATER TO MOLECULES OF WATER AND THEN TO ATOMS OF HYDROGEN • CONVERT 2.15 X 1035 MOLECULES OF SULFURIC ACID TO MOLES OF SULFURIC ACID

  9. CALCULATING % COMPOSITION • WHAT IS THE % OF NITROGEN IN HCN • WHAT IS THE % COMPOSITION OF HCN • WHAT IS THE % OF H IN WATER • WHAT IS THE % COMPOSITION OF WATER DIRECTIONS: ADD UP _______________, ADD UP MASS OF PARTICLE OF INTEREST, ________________________ _____________ AND MULTIPLY BY ____

  10. CALCULATING THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA • THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA IS THE ____ ____________. EXAMPLE: C6H14 IS NOT AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA. IT IS A ______________ FORMULA. WHY? __________________ C—H–- IS AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA. TO CALCULATE – EXAMPLES FOLLOW:

  11. CALCULATE THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF A COMPOUND THAT IS 1.25%Ga AND 0.43% O. ANSWER = Ga2O3 STEPS: 1. ASSUME % OF ______g SAMPLE SO % = ______ 2. CONVERT TO _______________ OF EACH 3. DIVIDE BY _________ _________ 4. IF DECIMAL IS .1 OR .9 IT CAN BE ROUNDED, OTHERWISE YOU MUST MULTIPLY BY _______________________________________.

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