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Cancer as a genetic disease

Cancer as a genetic disease. Chapter 20. 1. Cancer Outline. What is cancer? What is the process leading to cancer? Common types of cancers. Germ line and Somatic mutations & cancer. TUMORS. Malignant Tumors are cancer!. Benign. Cancer : Multi-step process. Cancer. Normal.

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Cancer as a genetic disease

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  1. Cancer as a genetic disease Chapter 20

  2. 1. Cancer Outline • What is cancer? • What is the process leading to cancer? • Common types of cancers. • Germ line and Somatic mutations & cancer.

  3. TUMORS Malignant Tumors are cancer! Benign

  4. Cancer : Multi-step process Cancer Normal Many mutations Multiple mutations Gain of function Loss of function

  5. Cancer : Multi-step process • Initiation • Clonal expansion • Progression • Expansion

  6. Mutations • Somatic Cell • Germ Line

  7. Scientists have also defined characteristics of a cancer cell.

  8. 2. Cancer Outline • Characteristics of a cancer cell • DNA and Cancer • Cancer Prevention and Early Detection

  9. Some Characteristics of a Cancer Cell • Loss of contact inhibition • Loss of apoptosis • Tumor growth “in vivo”

  10. Normal Fibroblasts Transformed Fibroblasts

  11. Apoptosis: programmed cell death

  12. APOPTOSIS: programmed cell death Example Bone cells

  13. DNA and Cancer • 1. Tumor suppressor genes • 2. Proto- Oncogenes • 3. Genetic Instability

  14. 1. Loss of Heterozygosity

  15. Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations Breast cancer (p53 gene) Retinoblastoma (rb gene)

  16. 2.

  17. Cancer Karotype: Genomic Instability

  18. Summary: some DNA links to cancer are • Tumor Suppressors • Proto- & Oncogenes • Genomic Instability

  19. Prevention and • Early Detection

  20. Cancer • Prevention and • Early Detection

  21. Nobel Prize in 2002 for their discovery of apoptosis Brenner Horvitz Sulston

  22. Hypothesis of origin of oncogenes • Viruses recombine with proto-oncogenes Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus

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