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Unit 5b

Unit 5b. Regulation of the Cell Cycle Asexual Reproduction Cancer. Cell division in our life cycle. Telomeres. Cell Cycle. M (mitosis). G1 (Gap 1). G2 (Gap 2). Cells that cease division. S (DNA Synthesis). Telomeres. a protective section of DNA at the end of each chromosome.

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Unit 5b

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  1. Unit 5b Regulation of the Cell Cycle Asexual Reproduction Cancer

  2. Cell division in our life cycle.

  3. Telomeres

  4. Cell Cycle M (mitosis) G1 (Gap 1) G2 (Gap 2) Cells that cease division S (DNA Synthesis)

  5. Telomeres • a protective section of DNA at the end of each chromosome. • get shorter every time the cell divides. • Cyclin

  6. Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cdk MPF P53 P27

  7. When the telomere becomes too short, the cell dies. • Cells that rebuild the telomere with each division can become cancerous

  8. Some chromosomes are circular, others are linear.

  9. Prokaryotes • genetic information is carried in a single, circular chromosome. • DNA is attached at one site to the cell membrane.

  10. Eukaryotes • much more DNA than Prokaryotes. • genetic information is organized into linear chromosomes. • float freely in the nucleus.

  11. Asexual Reproduction

  12. Asexual Reproduction • One parent • Same genetic blueprint as the parent (clone)

  13. Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Budding • Parthenogenesis • Regeneration • Rhizomes • Spore Formation • Cloning

  14. Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

  15. Asexual Reproduction in Organisms Dolly the Cloned Sheep

  16. How might telomere length be affected in a cloned animal like “Dolly” the sheep? Telomeres might be longer than normal. Telomeres might be shorter than normal. Telomeres might be of normal length. No telomeres would be present.

  17. Asexual Reproduction • Binary fission - Bacteria. The circular chromosome duplicates itself and the cell splits into two identical new cells. • Budding - grow directly on the body of the parent. It eventually breaks off and establishes itself as a new, separate organism. • Regeneration - part of the parent's body breaks off and grows into a complete, new organism. • Rhizomes - Some plants (strawberries, potatoes, certain types of grass, etc) form runners that spread out from the parent plant to form plantlets at their ends.

  18. Sporeformation - fungi and some algae develop into a new organism after dispersal.  • Parthenogenesis - the development of an egg that has not been fertilized into an individual. Animals like most kinds of wasps, bees, and ants that have no sex

  19. Cloning • asexual reproduction are genetically identical copies, or clones, of the parent. • Cloning of mammals • Dolly the sheep

  20. Cell division out of control means cancer.

  21. Cancer

  22. “Cancer cells are those which have forgotten how to die.” —Harold Pinter

  23. Cancer • unrestrained cell growth and division • can lead to tumors • second leading cause of death in the United States

  24. Tumor Growth • unregulated cell division

  25. Cancer cells have several features that distinguish them from normal cells, including…

  26. Benign and Malignant Tumors

  27. What is cancer? Contact Inhibition How does it cause death?

  28. Why is the treatment for cancer often considered as bad as the disease?

  29. Chemotherapy and radiation affect cancer cells and normal cells Both treatments affect cells that are actively dividing.

  30. Cancer • Unrestrained cell growth and division. • Large masses of cells called malignant tumors that can cause serious health problems. • Treatment focuses on killing or slowing the division of the cells using chemotherapy and/or radiation.

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