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Explore the physical geography of Russia and the Eurasian Republics, including the Ural Mountains, steppes, natural barriers, climate, and natural resources. Learn about the history of the region, including the Silk Road, Russian revolution, and collapse of the Soviet Union. Discover the current social and economic challenges faced by Russia today.
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Russia & the Eurasian Republics Chapter 11
Bell Ringer March 18, 2019 • Page 311 – Map Lab • What is the elevation of the Ural Mountains? How does the elevation of the Steppes compare with the Ural Mountains? • Determine how density differs west and far east of the Urals. What physical features contributes to the population distribution? • About 2000 ft. / The steppes are lower • Plains and lower elevations contribute to the denser population distribution west of the Urals
Physical Geography of Russia & Central Asia • World’s largest country – 6000 miles east to west • Lies on two continents – Europe and Asia. • The Ural Mountains: dividing line between the two continents. • Steppes: Very Large Plains
Physical Geography • Natural Barriers: Oceans to the North; Mountains to the south • Russia & Central Asia isolated from each other • Half Russia: permafrost • Central Asia: Largely desert • Most Russians live west of the Ural Mts.
Climate & Vegetation • Tundra: flat frozen land in artic in Siberia • Taiga: Forest area – valuable timber • Western Plains - farming
Natural Resources • Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Peat, • Hydroelectric Power from Rivers • Mineral Resources: Iron, Aluminum, Gold, Copper, etc. • Many resources in Siberia are hard to get.
““You Do” – Page 316-317 • Exploring Siberian Lakes – Viewing Lab • Analyze Visuals, Interpret Models, Analyze Cause & Effect • How might Katey Anthony’s work in Siberia be applied to other places in the world? • List causes & effects of methane release using a chart. How does this contribute to global warming? • Researchers can use her work & findings to locate other places where methane gas is being released • Climate Change -> Permafrost thaws -> Increase in Methane • Increase in Methane -> Global Warming
Essential Question • How have size and extreme climates shaped Russia and the Eurasian Republics? • The Oceans & Mountains are natural barriers that have isolated Russia • People live in the western Part of Russia due to climate • Farming is concentrated in the western plains.
Bell Ringer March 19, 2019 • Page 321 – Map Lab • Why did the main route on the Silk Road split between Kashgar and Dunhuang? • Why was Samarkand an important stop? • Split because of the desert • Samarkand was half way
History of Russia Mostly Asian influence until Peter the Great : 1682 – 1725 • Modernized Russia • St Petersburg -> more Western European Catherine the Great: 1762-1796 • Focused on Art & Education – European Ideas – • Women’s Education
Scorched Earth Policy Napoleon Invades Russia: • Russian Troops retreat, burning everything in their path • Napoleon has nowhere to “Winter” his soldiers • Over 400,000 French soldiers died Hitler Invades Russia: Scorched Earth Policy kills over 295,000 Nazis.
Industrialization to Russian Revolution Industrial Revolution: 1890s • Workers very poor • Peasant farmers starving • Worker Strikes -> political unrest Lenin: Bolsheviks – Russian Revolution 1917
The Soviet Union • Communism: single political party controls the government & economy • Socialism: government controls economic resources • Bolsheviks ended private ownership of land and resources • Established a “Classless” society. No rich or poor. • 1927 – 1953 –> Josef Stalin • USSR is isolated • Cold War with U.S. • Did not work – Standard of living low
Essential Question • What factors have influenced the Region’s history? • Russia adopted European ideas under Peter the Great & Catherine • Peasants & industrial workers - Communist rule
Bell Ringer March 20,2019 • Page 329 • In the propaganda poster, what are the figures holding and what do they represent? • How do you think the poster was supposed to make the Russian people feel? • Soldier: Military – Strength • Man holding flowers – grain: Agriculture/provision • Man looking up: looking to the future • Man holding flag: patriotism • Hope/ Pride/ Patriotism
Trans-Siberian Railroad • World’s Longest continuous railroad – 6,000 miles • Links Moscow with Eastern Russia • 1891 – 1916 • Transformed Siberia -> New Cities • Steam engines -> Now Electric
Collapse of the Soviet Union • 1970s & 1980s -> Economy failed • Eurasian Republics claimed their independence • Mikhail Gorbachev – introduced reforms • Perestroika: Restructuring - > less gov’t control • Glasnost: Openness -> led to protest> ultimate collapse
Bell Ringer March 22, 2019 • Page 327 • Graph: Which industry grew the least between 1890 & 1900? The most? Why do you think they grew at these rates? • Cotton grew slowly because agriculture was de-emphasized and pig iron grew due to the industrial revolution.
Russia Today • Large gap between the rich and poor • Higher prices • Unemployment • Organized crime • Western Siberia -> Booming!
Essential Question • How has Russia dealt with recent political & economic & environmental change? • Reformed gov’t & economy • Oil & Natural Gas are greatest sources of wealth • Western Siberia is booming • New Gas Pipelines.
Bell Ringer March 26, 2019 • Page 335 – Photo Lab • Why might the “YURT” being movable be important for nomadic herders in Central Asia? • In what way does the women’s clothing reflect the climate in each region? • In what ways has climate influenced traditional culture in Siberia, Central Asia, & the Steppes? • Because nomadic people move often • Cold –> Furs, Dry–> a dress & scarf, Moderate –> clothes for the field • Climate determines what animals can survive in each area & human lives are based on that. In the Steppes –> people farm
Bell Ringer March 28, 2018 • Page 347 – Reading Lab • What damage did the Chernobyl disaster cause to the environment? • How will it continue to affect people in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia? • It contaminated agriculture, forest land, rivers, and lakes • Contamination remains in the soil and water. People’s health will continue to suffer.
Chapter 11-12 Review • The Ural Mountains are a natural barrier & divider of what? • Northern European Plain from West Siberian Plain • Agriculture and grazing are found in what landform in Russia? • The Steppes • High latitudes & arctic winds cause what in Russia? • Cold Climate
Permafrost in Siberia keeps Russia from obtaining what? • Oil and Minerals • What is coming from Siberia’s lakes that can contribute to Global Warming? • Methane • Livestock grazing is compatible with the arid climate in what part of this region? • Central Asia
The Scorched Earth policy was used against what French Emperor? • Napoleon • When one political party controls both the government and the economy • Communism • What did Mikhail Gorbachev try to do for Soviet Union? • Reform its economy & gov’t
Where is Tundra found? • Arctic and Subarctic regions • Hitler made the same mistake as Napoleon by doing what? • Invading Russia in the Winter • What years did Josef Stalin rule over The Soviet Union? • 1927 - 1953
What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991? • Communism collapsed • What do nomads do to find food? • They move from one place to another • What helps the world by linking Asia to Europe? • Trans Siberian Railroad
The Republics of the Soviet Union wanting independence contributed to what? • The Collapse of the Soviet Union • Who wanted to reduce government control over the Soviet economy? • Mikhail Gorbachev • The United States Congress is most like Russia’s what? • Federal Assembly
Pipelines are transporting oil from what large body of water in Russia? • The Caspian Sea • A nuclear reactor exploded in what former Soviet Republic? • Chernobyl, Ukraine
A Russian word meaning “Restructuring” • Perestroika • Gorbachev allowed people to speak freely – • Glasnost • Russian ruler for hundreds of years • Czar
Eastern Europe competing for influence against the Western nations without actually fighting • Cold War • This forest stretches about 4000 miles across Russia • Taiga