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Health Assessment

Health Assessment. Musculoskeletal System. Objectives. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the bones, muscles, and joints. Discuss the directional movements of the joints. Develop questions to be used when completing the focused interview.

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Health Assessment

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  1. Health Assessment Musculoskeletal System

  2. Objectives • Describe the anatomy and physiology of the bones, muscles, and joints. • Discuss the directional movements of the joints. • Develop questions to be used when completing the focused interview. • Describe the techniques required for assessment of the musculoskeletal system. • Differentiate normal from abnormal findings of the musculoskeletal system.

  3. Musculoskeletal System Provides structure and movement for the body Consists of bones, skeletal muscles, and joints Allows the body to stand erect and move Supports and protects organs Produces red blood cells

  4. Musculoskeletal System • Stores fat and minerals • Generates heat

  5. Skeleton • Consists of 206 bones • Provides support for the soft tissue and organs of the body

  6. Bones of the human skeleton.

  7. Skeleton • Classification • Long • Short • Flat • Irregular • Composition

  8. Classification of bones according to shape.

  9. Skeleton • Major functions • Framework for the body • Protect structures • Act as levers for movement • Store fat and minerals • Produce blood cells

  10. Anterior view of muscles of the human body.

  11. Posterior view of muscles of the human body.

  12. Skeletal Muscles • Major functions • Movement • Posture • Body heat

  13. Joints • Fibrous • Cartilaginous • Synovial

  14. Major Joints • Ankle • Spine

  15. Temporomandibular Joint • Permits Articulation Between the Temporal Bone and the Mandible

  16. Temporomandibular joint. The enlargement shows a sagittal section through the joint.

  17. Shoulder Joint • Ball-and-Socket Joint in Which the Head of the Humerus Articulates With the Glenoid Capsule of the Scapula

  18. Shoulder joint.

  19. Elbow • Hinge Joint That Allows Articulation of the Humerus, the Radius, and the Ulna

  20. Elbow joint. Lateral view of the right elbow.

  21. Wrist • Two Rows of Carpal Bones

  22. Bones of the wrist, hand, and phalanges.

  23. Hand • Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints

  24. Bones of the wrist, hand, and phalanges.

  25. Hip Joint • Ball-and-Socket Joint Composed of the Head of the Femur as It Fits Into the Acetabulum

  26. Hip joint. A. Cross section. B. Anterior view.

  27. Knee Joint • Patella • Femur • Tibia

  28. Knee joint. A. Sagittal section through the right knee.

  29. (continued) Knee joint. B. Anterior view.

  30. Ankle Joint • Tibia • Fibula • Talus

  31. Medial view of joints of right ankle and foot.

  32. Spine • 7 cervical vertebrae • 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum

  33. The spine

  34. Joint Movements • Flexion • Extension • Rotation • Circumduction • Elevation • Protrusion • Retraction • Abduction

  35. Joint Movements • Adduction • Pronation • Supination • Inversion • Eversion • Gliding

  36. Table 23.2 Joint Movement

  37. Table 23.2 Joint Movement (continued )

  38. Table 23.2 Joint Movement (continued )

  39. Table 23.2 Joint Movement (continued )

  40. Table 23.2 Joint Movement (continued )

  41. Focused Interview • Specific questions • Illness, infection, or injury • Symptoms • Pain • Behaviors

  42. Physical Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System • Techniques • Inspection • Palpation

  43. Areas of the Musculoskeletal System Assessment • Inspection and palpation of the temporomandibular joints • Palpation of the jaw muscles • Testing the range of motion of the temporomandibular joints • Inspection and palpation of the shoulders • Testing the range of motion of the shoulders

  44. Areas of the Musculoskeletal System Assessment • Testing for muscle strength of the shoulders • Inspection and palpation of the elbows • Testing the range of motion of the elbows • Testing for muscle strength of the elbows • Inspection and palpation of the wrists and hands

  45. Areas of the Musculoskeletal System Assessment • Testing the range of motion of the wrists and hands, including Phalen’s test and Tinel’s sign • Testing for muscle strength of the wrists and hands • Inspection and palpation of the hips • Testing the range of motion of the hips • Testing for muscle strength of the hips

  46. Areas of the Musculoskeletal System Assessment • Inspection and palpation of the knees, including the bulge sign and ballottement • Testing the range of motion of the knees • Testing for muscle strength of the knees • Inspection and palpation of the ankles and feet • Testing the range of motion of the ankles and feet

  47. Areas of the Musculoskeletal System Assessment • Testing for muscle strength of the ankles and feet • Inspection and palpation of the spine • Testing the range of motion of the spine

  48. Palpating the temporomandibular joints.

  49. Flexion and extension of the shoulders.

  50. Internal rotation of the shoulders.

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