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Evolutionary Theories and Processes in Biology

Explore the development of biological evolution theories by Darwin and Lamarck, natural selection, homologous and analogous structures, vestigial structures, fossil evidence, phototropism, gravitropism, adaptations, fitness, divergent evolution, convergent evolution, punctuated equilibrium, and gradualism.

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Evolutionary Theories and Processes in Biology

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  1. Unit 8 Vocab EOCT Review

  2. Developed a scientific theory of biological evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long period of time through descent from common ancestors.

  3. Darwin • Developed a scientific theory of biological evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long period of time through descent from common ancestors.

  4. Suggested that organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies.

  5. Lamarck • Suggested that organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies.

  6. Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.

  7. Natural Selection • Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.

  8. Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry. Ex. Arms bones of a human and the bones in a flipper of a dolphin.

  9. Homologous Structures • Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry. Ex. Arms bones of a human and the bones in a flipper of a dolphin.

  10. Body parts that share a common function, but not structure. Ex. Birds wings and butterfly wings

  11. Analogous Structures • Body parts that share a common function, but not structure. Ex. Birds wings and butterfly wings

  12. Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function. Ex. appendix

  13. Vestigial Structures • Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function. Ex. appendix

  14. Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms found in rock layers provide evidence of evolution.

  15. Fossil Evidence • Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms found in rock layers provide evidence of evolution.

  16. A plant growing toward the light.

  17. Phototropism • A plant growing toward the light.

  18. A plant growing down toward the ground.

  19. Gravitropism • A plant growing down toward the ground.

  20. Heritable characteristics that increase an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment.

  21. Adaptations • Heritable characteristics that increase an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment.

  22. How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.

  23. Fitness • How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.

  24. occurs when a group from a specific population develops into a new species

  25. Divergent evolution • occurs when a group from a specific population develops into a new species

  26. is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

  27. Convergent Evolution • is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

  28. Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

  29. Punctuated Equilibrium • Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

  30. The evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time.

  31. Gradualism • The evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time.

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