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New Generation ITS Communications

This study focuses on the use of millimeter wave technology for inter-vehicle communication (IVC) to enhance driving support systems. The research includes measurement of propagation characteristics, data transmission experiments, and system design considerations. The integration of IVC with radar systems is also explored for collision avoidance purposes.

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New Generation ITS Communications

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  1. AP-NeGeMo NewGeneration ITSCommunications Katsuyoshi Sato National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), IAI, Japan

  2. Study on ITS telecommunication system Millimeter wave ROF road-vehicle communication system ・Multi-service 　・high speed data transmission Millimeter wave inter vehicle communication system ・integrated radar communication system 　・safe operational support

  3. What is Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC)? • Running vehicles on traffic road communicate each other directly for driving support. • The applications using IVC are Automatic Cruse Control (ACC), Collision Avoidance, Multimedia (Inter-vehicle Karaoke ), e.t.c. . • Short range communication ( ~ 100 m )

  4. Keywords • Inter-vehicle communication • Millimeter wave (60 GHz) • Propagation characteristics (fading, two ray model ) • Data transmission experiments ( 1 - 10 Mbps )

  5. Driving Support using Inter-Vehicle Communication

  6. Why millimeter wave ( MM wave) ? • High-efficiency of frequency reuse due to high attenuation compared with microwave (DSRC) • Low attenuation caused by rain, fog, and snow compared with optical communications • Potential of wide-band transmission • Sharing of RF section between IVC system and radar system for collision avoidance • Minaiturization of RF section

  7. Problems on design of IVC system using MM wave • Rapid changes in signal strength (Fading) • Large Doppler-shift • Strong shadowing effect • Interference between cells • Large frequency drift of RF sections • Cost reduction

  8. Research on IVC in NICT • Measurement of propagation characteristics of 60 GHz millimeter wave on the road, expressway, e.t.c. . • Propagation model between vehicles on the road, Fading effect, Doppler-shift, Diversity effect, Polarization effect • Estimation of inter-vehicle wireless data transmission between running vehicles. • Characteristics of received power vs. bit error rate, Effect of space diversity Mod./Demod., Error correction • System design for IVC system using millimeter wave • Feasibility study of IVC using millimeter wave, Standardization, Reflection into laws and regulations

  9. Measurement of propagation characteristics • Static condition (without fading ) • Receieved power, bit error rate (BER) vs. distance • Comparison between result & propagation model • Effect of space diversity Building Bank Test Course (200m) Rx Tx Vacant lot Baseball Ground Vacant Lot Parking Lot

  10. Experimental facility

  11. Experimental condition

  12. Main points of measurements • Dependence of antenna height and distance between vehicles • Confirmation of two-ray propagation model • Estimation of space diversity • Dependence of polarization

  13. Two ray model Received power d Tx Rx direct wave ht hr reflected wave （ reflection coeficient = -1 ）

  14. Two ray model （assumption ) • Reflection coefficient of pavement = -1 • Roughness of pavement was ignored • Directivity of antennas was ignored • Absorption of Oxygen @60 GHz = 16 dB/km

  15. Building Bank Building Test Course (200m) Rx Tx Vacant lot Baseball Ground Prefablication Vacant Lot Parking Lot Test course

  16. Resuls　（V-pol）

  17. Results　（Rxh = diversity, V-pol ）

  18. Shadowing effect ( Sedan )

  19. Inter-vehicle data transmission on expressway • Experiments of data transmission on the expressway. • Two vehicle run on the same lane in Yokohama-Yokosuka expressway at 80 km/h with the distance of about 100 m. • Received power and BER were measured. • Effect of space diversity also confirmed.

  20. Measurement in expressway

  21. Measurement results in expressway

  22. Cumulative distribution of received power Whole data Without Shadowing

  23. Cumulative distribution of BER

  24. Regulation of 60 GHz band in Japan ( Aug. 9, 2000 ) • 59 GHz - 66 GHz ( Unlicensed band ) ( ref. 60GHz - 61 GHz for Radar ) • Picture transmission or data transmission • Band width < 2.5 GHz / 1 channel • Frequency variation < 500 ppm • Transmission power < 10 mW • Antenna gain < 47 dBi

  25. Target system of IVC (provisional) • Frrequency : 60 GHz band • Cell size : 100 m - 150 m ( Line Of Sight) • Data rate : 1 Mbps - 10 Mbps (air rate ) • Power : 10 mW, Antenna Gain : 20 - 30 dBi • Low-cost, small-size, high-reliability • (Option) : Fusion between IVC & Radar system (60 GHz) ( image )

  26. Experiment

  27. Shadowing effect

  28. Radar and Transponder system (Vehicle Safety System) Integrated communication unit with radar (Scanning Antenna) Transponder unit

  29. Radar and Transponder system • Transmission rate: 100kbps • BER (typ.) less than 10-4 • Comm. range: 100m • Frequency: 60GHz • Antenna beam width 3deg.(Radar) 30deg.(Transponder) • Rader type: FM-CW • FM sweep range: 100MHz Radar Transponder

  30. specifications

  31. Examples of application • radio wave markers (road signs) • support for safe driving in converging traffic • intersection safety • rear-end collision alarm

  32. radio wave markers (road signs) transponder

  33. support for safe driving in converging traffic Transponder トラポン

  34. intersection safety Transponder

  35. rear-end collision alarm Transponder

  36. Future work for realization of IVC system • Detail investigation of propagation (fading) • Measure against frequency drift of RF sections ( Mod. / Demod., EC, Sync., e.t.c. ) • Access method ( multiple access ) • Cost reduction • Popularization strategy • Fusion between IVC system & radar system

  37. Road-Vehicle communication • Millimeter-wave spot communication system • high speed data transmission • multi-service

  38. Specification • down link: 59.0-60.0 GHz • up link: 61.0-62.0 GHz • RF power: 10 dBm • FDD • antenna gain: 14dBm(base station), 11dBm(mobile station) • modulation: D-BPSK • band width: 270MHz • data rate: 155.52Mbps

  39. ROF spot communication system Control station Base station Mobile station Antenna 12cmx18cmx6cm

  40. Packet Error Rate １５ｍ ０．５ｍ １５ｍ down link up link

  41. Experiment configuration

  42. Antenna pattern

  43. Calculated received power (4.5 m height base station)

  44. Experiment Base station Base station

  45. Received power

  46. Packet Error Rate

  47. PER and received power

  48. Dynamic and Autonomous Multi-Hop Communication System for Advanced Customer-Provided Mobile Communications on VHF Band

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