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METADATA Decisions for Your Digital Collection

Learn about the differences in metadata for textual and non-textual resources, document-like versus non-document-like objects, original works versus digital surrogates, and collection-level versus item-level metadata.

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METADATA Decisions for Your Digital Collection

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  1. METADATA Decisions for Your Digital Collection 1. Knowing the differences 2. Principles to be followed 3. Other considerations 4. Working with an existing Metadata element set

  2. 1. Knowing the differences • Textual vs. non-textual resources • Document-like vs. non-document-like objects • Original vs. digital surrogates of the works • Collection-level vs. item-level

  3. A) Textual vs. Non-textual Text: Would allow for full text searching or automatic extraction of keywords. Marked by HTML or XML tags. Tags have semantic meanings. Newspaper dated July 16, 1976, reporting the initial discovery of burials in Granado Cave.

  4. Example of a text document Newspaper dated July 16, 1976, reporting the initial discovery of burials in Granado Cave. Discovery of Granado CaveIn 1976, Mr. Frank Granado, a surveyor from Pecos, discovered prehistoric burials in a previously unknown cave in the Rustler Hills. An article soon appeared in the local paper. The site was brought to the attention of the state archaeologist, who suggested that Dr. Hamilton meet with Mr. Granado and arrange to see the cave. Mr. Granado was very cooperative and it soon became clear that the cave was located near Caldwell Shelter No. 1 and Brooks Cave. Granado Cave was named after its discoverer and given the official archaeological designation 41CU8.During preliminary testing and excavation in 1976, the archaeological importance of the cave became evident. Mr. Shelby Brooks, the owner of the land on which Granado Cave and Brooks Cave are located, allowed both to be named State Archaeological Landmarks (SALs). As such, they became the first SALs located on private property in Texas. In June 1978, Dr. Hamilton returned to Granado Cave with a team of four archaeologists to undertake recording and excavation of the site. A private collection of artifacts belonging to Mr. Granado was also studied.Previous Archaeological ResearchOver the years, there have been numerous uncontrolled excavations in the various caves and sinkholes of the Rustler Hills. Even the excavations conducted by archaeologists are somewhat confusing. Not only is the sequence of excavation unclear, but often a single site has been excavated more than once and has been given varying names by different archaeologists. Important sites near Granado Cave include: the Caldwell Shelters (41CU1 and 41CU2); the McAlpin Caves (41CU5 and 41CU6); Brooks Cave (41CU7); and ELCOR Cave (no assigned site number). IST681 Metadata

  5. Full text document can be indexed or marked up • In 1976, Mr. Frank Granado, a surveyor from Pecos, discovered prehistoric burials in a previously unknown cave in the Rustler Hills. • In <year> 1976 </year>, Mr. <person> Frank Granado </person>, a <occupation> surveyor </occupation> from <placeName> Pecos </placeName> , discovered <object> prehistoric burials </object> in a previously unknown <placeType> cave </placeType> in the <placeName> Rustler Hills </placeName>.

  6. Textual vs. Non-textual Non-textual, e.g., images: Only the captions, file names can be searched, not the image itself. Need transcribing or interpreting. Need more detailed metadata to describe its contents. Need knowledge to give a deeper interpretation. Newspaper dated July 16, 1976, reporting the initial discovery of burials in Granado Cave. PE19760716a1.gif

  7. Title Creator Source Publisher Language Date Format Subject topic/things/placeType/person Coverage year/place Description • Need transcribing or interpreting. • Need more detailed metadata to describe its contents. • Need knowledge to give a deeper interpretation. Newspaper dated July 16, 1976, reporting the initial discovery of burials in Granado Cave. PE19760716a1.gif

  8. b) Document-like vs. non-document-like objects Non-document objects often • contain multiple components • carry information about history, culture, and society • have detail about style, pattern, material, color, technique, etc.

  9. c) Original vs. digital surrogates of the works • What kinds of objects will be included in the digital collection? • What kinds of objects will need to be described? • What records are to be managed? born-digitals vs. digital doubles original works vs. digital surrogates of the works

  10. Documented by Henry Fuermann in 1910 Designed by Frank L Wright during 1906-1909 A slide made in 1985 & scanned in 1997

  11. A digital collection needs to decide what is the entity of their collection: works, images, or both? How many metadata records are needed for each item? Some part of the data can be reused. E.g., one work has different images or different formats

  12. D) Collection-level vs. item-level Collection level Item level • Example: Dorothea Lange's "Migrant Mother" Photographs in the Farm Security Administration Collection • http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html

  13. Finding Aids example IST681 Metadata Go to http://www.spellboundblog.com/susa2/a3-1.html and explore

  14. 2. Principles to be followed • Simplicity • Extensibility • Interoperability • Your data can be integrated into a larger project. • Your data structure allows others to join you.

  15. 3. Other considerations High quality original data Ensure best quality One-time project vs. ongoing projects – considering long life. Few revision chances in the future. Metadata reuse Existing MARC or EAD records can be reused. Homogeneous collection and creation of metadata records Automatic extraction made possible Relatively stable quality IST681 Metadata

  16. 3. Other considerations (cont.) • Considering metadata in a larger project setting • Organization-wide collaborative effort • Library • Special collections • Archives • Academic departments, business departments • State-wide collaborative projects • e.g., Ohio Memory • Nation-wide projects • e.g., American Memory

  17. 3. Other considerations (cont.) Similar projects in the same domain Similar or related disciplines e.g., architecture projects, art projects Similar or related media e.g., multimedia databases, image galleries, visual resources repositories, manuscript collections, company procedure documents … IST681 Metadata

  18. 4. Working with an Existing Element Set Adaptation, modification, expansion, partial adaptation, translation, etc. a) Deriving a new element set from an existing one New schema depends on the source schema Source schema CDWA New schema ObjectID

  19. MODS MODS DC labels in Various languages MARC MARC MARCXML MARCXML DC MARCLite b) Change of encoding format, retain original elements c) Shorter version d) Translated version MODS MARC MARCXML

  20. Dublin Core thesis.degree (name,level,discipline,grantor) e) Expansion ETD-MS f) Creating application profiles -- (to be discussed later)

  21. Matching Situations and Possible Actions

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