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Neven Duić

University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Mobility of researchers in Croatia WEB-MOB Hvar, 29/9/2006. Neven Duić. Contents. On the road to ERA Mobility barriers visas, residence and work permits networking failures financial weaknesses

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Neven Duić

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  1. University of ZagrebFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval ArchitectureMobility of researchers in CroatiaWEB-MOBHvar, 29/9/2006 Neven Duić

  2. Contents On the road to ERA Mobility barriers • visas, residence and work permits • networking failures • financial weaknesses • social and health security problems Survey results Interregional mobility Intersectorial mobility Croatia & EU

  3. 19 26 27 29 37 45 • Typical path of researcher before 1990 • studying 4-5 years undergraduate programme in 6-8 years • military service • two years in industry for technical sciences • assistant at the institution of graduation • studying 1-2 years Master programme plus MSc thesis in 6-8 years while doing teaching, research and projects • further 6-8 years of teaching, research and projects in order to obtain PhD • researcher becomes independent researcher

  4. Research before 1990 • inbreeding – from cradle to grave • only short term mobility allowed – once out forever out • very slow change • after cut-off age of 30 – generally unemployable • research was more necessary nuisance than necessity • the only way to open new areas was to increase number – increasing the curricula – further slowing down the system

  5. Bologna process • open acceptance but hidden resistance to change • ratified Lisbon convention and entered Bologna process • two-cycle degree system • University integration • ECTS implemented de iure

  6. Bologna process • ECTS and student mobility • intra-University curricular mobility difficult due to rigid programs – possible but discouraged due to wide in house curricular offer • inter-University (national, regional and international) mobility practically impossible due rigid programs but also due to lack of finance vehicles (Erasmus, etc.)

  7. Increased mobility should try to avoid draining future members of their talents completely • reintegration • mobility as part of international cooperation • increasing research opportunities in Western Balkans • reintegration plus – returning researcher brings funds to his institution (outsourcing parts of research) • avoiding making one off choices

  8. Barriers to incoming mobility • Visas, residence and work permits • Financial barriers • Social and health security • Additional : language barriers, accommodation and housing

  9. Visas, residence and work permits Visa policy – the Ministry of foreign affairs and European integration and theMinistry of internal affairs • precedence to security matters • no distinction among researchers and economic migrants Acquiring residence and work permits - time consuming process • not necessary for up to 3 months visits of EU researchers if any payment is involved, work permit is necessary

  10. Institutions in charge of incoming mobility • Ministry of foreign affairs and European integration • Ministry of internal affairs • Ministry of science, education and sports General lack of experience in the institutions in charge

  11. Financial weaknesses • low remuneration – research investment has to raise • very limited number of fellowships rarely open to foreigners • very low limit to untaxed student fellowships – 1000 HRK per month (150 EUR) • high taxation of student fellowships– the total cost is approximately double than the fellowship • high overheads institution take also on funds for fellowships

  12. Social and health security problems • Undeveloped social and health security system for foreign researchers • undergraduate students may use health security system dedicated to students • Dispersed and uncertain information

  13. Additional barriers • Unfriendly framework conditions • general attitude that foreigners take jobs from locals (and research is considered employment, not studying, and is taxed as such) • lack of English language courses Language barriers – obligatory usage of local languages, especially for thesis, all the documents, diplomas, etc. – even when lectures are in foreign language Accommodation and housing • weak formal rental market, no appropriate accommodation (apartments, etc.) for visiting researchers • language barriers • price barriers

  14. Interregional mobility • Need of reform in the WB research – similar problems due to similar context • WB research has to integrate into ERA • Increase of regional mobility as a consequence of regional cooperation

  15. Intersectorial mobility – academia and industry • Low level knowledge transfer between academia and industry • Economy is low added value • FDI has the crucial contribution • FDI into R&D – outsourcing R&D • general FDI with R&D component • Local companies – not investing into R&D • negative attitude towards “science” • Large potential • Well educated workforce • Reasonably priced graduates

  16. Preliminary survey results of Incoming mobility questonnaire(1)

  17. Preliminary survey results of Incoming mobility questionnaire(2)

  18. Croatia towardsEU • Extensive portfolio of policy measures necessary • Learning form best practises • ERA integration • Flexibility & coordination & simplicity in the governmental organisations

  19. Thank you for your attention!

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