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NIU Gui-ling School of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou University mayerniu@163

A Genre Analysis of Chinese and English Abstracts of Academic Journal Articles: A Parallel-Corpus-based Study. NIU Gui-ling School of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou University mayerniu@163.com. Contents. Brief Introduction of Chinese-English Parallel Abstract Corpus (CEPAC)

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NIU Gui-ling School of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou University mayerniu@163

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  1. A Genre Analysis of Chinese and English Abstracts of Academic Journal Articles: A Parallel-Corpus-based Study NIU Gui-ling School of Foreign Languages, Zhengzhou University mayerniu@163.com

  2. Contents • Brief Introduction of Chinese-English Parallel Abstract Corpus (CEPAC) • 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“基于平行语料库的中外学术期刊论文中英文摘要的语类分析研究” • A Genre Analysis of Chinese and English Abstracts of Academic Journal Articles

  3. Why RA Abstract? • Introduced into medical research articles first during the 1960s (Swales, 2010) . • Underresearched: In 2005 (Montesi & Urdiciain): barely 28 studies regarding research article (RA) abstracts then. • Now: A sea of information, “an information explosion”, with several million research papers being published each year, and continual announcements of new journals being launched, either online or in hard copy or both. • RA abstracts “have become a tool of mastering and managing the ever increasing information flow in the scientific community” (Ventola 1994a: 333), and developed into an increasingly important part-genre (Swales 2009).

  4. objective • MOVEs and steps: differentiate from research articles as an independent genre in rhetorical MOVE structure. • To generalize and illustrate the generic structural potential (GSP) of abstracts by using the advantage of big texts of corpus and analyzing the usage of rhetorical MOVE in them, with genre analysis and schematic structure as the theoretical basis.

  5. What is An Abstract? • Cleveland (1983:104): An abstract summarizes the essential contents of a particular knowledge record and is a true surrogate of the document. • Graetz (1985): The abstract is a time-saving device that can be used to find particular parts of the article without reading it; … knowing the structure in advance will help the reader to get into the article; …. An abstract should be concise and precise, indicating to the potential reader two things: (a) what was done, and (b) important results obtained.

  6. Functions • Huckin (2001): 4 distinguishable functions: ⑴They function as stand-alone mini-texts, giving readers a short summary of a study’s topic, methodology and main findings; ⑵They function as screening devices, helping readers decide whether they wish to read the whole article or not; ⑶They function as previews for readers intending to read the whole article, giving them a road-map for their reading; ⑷They provide indexing help for professional abstract writers and editors; • ⑸They provide reviewers with an immediate oversightof the paper they have been asked to review.(Swales, 2010)

  7. 未来工作 Future Work 数据提取 Data retrieval 语料库标注 Annotation 应用分析 Application research 成功PPT四要素 Chinese-English Parallel Abstract Corpus (CEPAC) 语料库构成 components CEPAC

  8. Overview of CEPAC Corpus 3780texts 673246words/ characters Corpus size CC:1260 texts CE:1260 texts EE:1260 texts CC:209889/376972w/c; CE:221240w；EE:242117w.

  9. Corpus Structure • Three sub-corpora: CC(Chinese) Corpus CE(English) Corpus Data Retrieval Management & Text Update EE(English) Corpus

  10. Five main Disciplines Under each of the three sub-corpora, five disciplinary categories are respectively established, For each category under the three sub-corpora, 252 abstracts were chosen. The sub-disciplines chosen in the three sub-corpora basically also conform to each other, ensuring the balance of texts. HHealth Sciences 1 S Social Sciences and Humanities 2 3 P Physical Sciences and Engineering 4 L Life Science and Biomedical Sciences YLanguage Sciences and Literature 5

  11. Inter-,Intra-lingual & Interdisciplinary Comparison

  12. Annotation • Macrostructure and Meaning of MOVEs and Labels (cited from: Swales & Feak, 2009)

  13. Move Attributes & Values

  14. Wordsmith Tools,Antconc, Self-disignedprogramms, SPSS,etc MMAX2 ICTCLAS & CLAWS Editplus, Paraconc TOOLS Data Retrieval & Statistics Annotation POS Tagging Text Processing, Alignment

  15. Annotation Interface _ MMAX2

  16. POS Tagging Move Level Background Purpose Method Results Conclusion • Sentence pairs • (Alignment) • 1－1 • 1－2 • 1－3 • 2－1 • 3－1 • 2－2 • … Syntax Semantic Translation … Chinese Word Segmentation Multi-level Annotation(Stand-alone)

  17. Data Analysis • Figure 3 Normalized Frequency of Move Distribution (Every 10,000 running words)

  18. Completeness (Wholeness) of MOVEs in Texts: Move Number Distribution • Figure 2 MOVE Numbers and Percentage in Texts in Three Sub-corpora（unit：text）

  19. Significant Difference [The asterisks (*) indicate significance level, and the “+” and “-” signs on the right column indicate “overuse” and “underuse”.

  20. Proportionality(Balance) of MOVEs in Texts:Text Coverage(文本覆盖率) • Independent MovesCompound Moves Other • Background Purpose MethodResultConclusion RegularIrregular • YCC 27.17%6.97%2.31%11.17%34.39% 10.01% 7.63% 0.34% • YCE 28.97% 10.41% 4.23% 11.83% 35.68% 4.45% 4.03% 0.40% • YEE 18.21%14.49%20.26%23.75%19.48% 2.87% 0.82% 0.11% • HCC 4.78% 11.39% 27.24% 37.21% 15.84% 3.35% 0.19% • HCE 5.44% 12.42% 27.71% 37.30% 16.49% 0.65% • HEE 20.00% 10.30% 16.36% 36.84% 15.48% 0.96% 0.06% • LCC 16.45% 6.94% 11.84% 38.33% 13.16% 8.76% 4.53% • LCE 17.52% 10.41% 15.89% 38.64% 13.30% 3.17% 0.97% 0.10% • LEE 17.67% 11.52% 12.50% 39.12% 15.21% 2.93% 0.92% 0.13% • PCC 10.47%7.77% 25.01% 23.11% 10.40% 21.50% 1.74% • PCE 12.96% 9.27% 30.69% 27.60% 11.88% 6.54% 1.05% • PEE 21.82%14.57% 17.47% 25.29% 18.61% 1.66% 0.57% • SCC 26.57%3.60%5.24% 23.08% 22.10% 13.69% 5.67% 0.05% • SCE 28.44% 5.83% 6.80% 24.65% 24.30% 6.59% 3.34% 0.05% • SEE 14.71%17.61%20.09% 24.43% 17.77% 3.41% 1.99% Average18.08% 10.23% 16.24% 28.16% 18.94% 6.04% 2.23% 0.08% 注：1. Text Coverage＝该语步词数/语步所在摘要的总词数。2. 独立语步：一个句子中仅包含一种语步内容。 3. 复合语步：一个句子中包含两种或两种语步以上的内容。正序复合语步指一个句子中的复合语步按“背景-目的-方法-结果-结论”的先后顺序正常排列； 而逆序复合语步则指一个句子中的复合语步并非按上述顺序排象，譬如，方法语步置于目的语步之前，或结论语步置于结果语步之前。

  21. Text Coverage (Bar-Chart)

  22. Data Query

  23. Data Query_KWIC

  24. Future Work Data Retrieval & Application Short-term Online Retrieval Genre Analysis Translation Hedging Grammar Online Retrieval Pragmatics Semantics Discourse Analysis World Englishes etc.

  25. The End Thank You!

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