1 / 19

Ocean waters 1

Ocean waters 1. water masses and acoustics. Boyle. Buchanan. Dittmar. Forchhamer. Marcet’s wife, Jane. dissolved solids in seawater. seawater constituent residence times. constituent. time (years). Chloride (Cl - ) Sodium (Na + ) Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) Potassium (K + )

tirza
Download Presentation

Ocean waters 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ocean waters 1 water masses and acoustics

  2. Boyle Buchanan Dittmar Forchhamer Marcet’s wife, Jane

  3. dissolved solids in seawater

  4. seawater constituent residence times constituent time (years) Chloride (Cl-) Sodium (Na+) Magnesium (Mg2+) Potassium (K+) Sulfate (SO42-) Calcium (Ca2+) Carbonate (CO32-) Silicon (Si) Water (H2O) Manganese (Mn) Aluminum (Al) Iron (Fe) 100,000,000 68,000,000 13,000,000 12,000,000 11,000,000 1,000,000 110,000 20,000 4,100 1,300 600 200

  5. Rosette Sampler Niskin bottles Nansen bottle tripping CTD

  6. Temperature - Salinity graph paper density value calculated for T,S and at atmospheric pressure

  7. sinking of Antarctic Intermediate Water observed by hydrographic surveys AAIW conceptual model of sinking along constant density lines note that, at “ A “, the vertical distribution of T,S reflects its horizontal counterpart in the source region

  8. Challenger T@ 700 m

  9. temperature pressure sound speed 1000 d e p t h 2000 3000 [ meters ]

  10. This graph traces sound energy propagation paths from the surface to 3000 meters depth over a range of 10 to 45 nautical miles from an underwater explosion detonated at the depth of the sofar channel axis. Cyclic behavior in energy transmission brought about by the physical process of refraction will produce concentrations of paths and enhanced sound levels at approximately every range step of 35 km.

  11. S O U N D E N E R G Y s o u n d e ne r g y * * TIME time This graph presents sound energy arriving at a hydrophone positioned on the axis of a local sofar channel that is 1350 nm from an explosion detonated on a sofar channel axis. The depths of the axes are not necessarily the same. The sound energy arriving at the time associated with the asterisk above traveled the shortest distance at the slowest sound speed, along the axis. Sound arrivals to the left, at earlier times, traveled longer cyclic paths at higher sound speeds and have lower peak energy levels due to losses that are a function of, and occur, along transmission paths.

More Related