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WRITING AND NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

WRITING AND NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS. ATOMS COMBINE IN SIMPLE WHOLE NUMBER RATIOS TO BECOME MORE STABLE. THE SMALLEST UNIT OF ATOMIC COMBINATIONS THAT RETAINS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPND IS A MOLECULE.

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WRITING AND NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

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  1. WRITING AND NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

  2. ATOMSCOMBINE IN SIMPLE WHOLE NUMBER RATIOS TO BECOME MORE STABLE THE SMALLEST UNIT OF ATOMIC COMBINATIONS THAT RETAINS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPND IS AMOLECULE

  3. THE COMPOSITION OF A MOLE-CULE CAN BE REPRESENTED IN TWO WAYSASANEMPIRICAL OR A MOLECULAR FORMULA THE COMPOSITION OF A MOLE-CULE CAN BE REPRESENTED IN TWO WAYSASANEMPIRICAL OR A MOLECULAR FORMULA CH2 AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA EXPRESSES THESIMPLEST RATIOOF ATOMS IN A COMPOUND

  4. THE COMPOSITION OF A MOLE-CULE CAN BE REPRESENTED IN TWO WAYSASANEMPIRICAL OR A MOLECULAR FORMULA C3H6 A MOLECULAR FORMULA TELLS HOW MANY OF EACH ATOM ARE PRESENT IN THE COMPND

  5. A REMARKABLE FEATURE OF COMPOUNDS FORMED FROM ELEMENTS IS THAT THE PROPERTIES OF THE REACTANT ELEMENTS ISLOST +

  6. H-H H O-O O 2 2 SOME CHEM FORMULAS ARE SIMPLE, FOR INSTANCE SOME OF THE GASEOUS ELEMENTS ALWAYS EXISTS IN NATURE AS A PAIR OF ATOMS THERE ARE 7 OF THESEPAIRED COMBINATIONS A.K.A. DIATOMIC ATOMS

  7. 1 H 7 8 9 N O F 17 Cl 35 Br 53 I H2 O2 N2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, AND THE HALOGENS, ARE ALL DIATOMIC UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS

  8. WHEN AN ATOM LOSES OR GAINS ELECTRONS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE ITS OCTET IT FORMS AN ION

  9. -2 -3 +1 C O N H P O -1 3 O H 4 4 THERE ARE ALSO COMBINATIONS OF ATOMS THAT HAVE AN IONIC CHARGE A.K.A. POLYATOMIC IONS POLY- MEANS MANY, BUT WE TREAT EACH OF THESE POLYATOMIC IONS AS A SINGLE UNIT WITH A SINGLE CHARGE

  10. TODAY IS ALL ABOUT COMBINING THESE ELECTRICALLY CHARGED IONS TOGETHER TO FORM STABLE COMPOUNDS. REMINDER: WHEN TWO ATOMS COMBINE TRANSFERRING VALENCE ELECTRONS IT IS CALLED AN IONIC BOND.

  11. + - - - - - - - - - - - AN IMPERFECT ATOM 3s I WANT TO BE PERFECT! Ne Na

  12. + - - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES SODIUM NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE NEON? 3s Ne IT COULD LOSE AN ELECTRON! Na

  13. + - - - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES SODIUM NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE NEON? 3s Ne IT COULD LOSE AN ELECTRON! Na

  14. -10 e’s + - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES SODIUM NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE NEON? 3s 11 p’s Ne +1 charge +1 NOW SODIUM IS MORE STABLE! Na

  15. + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AN IMPERFECT ATOM I WANT TO BE PERFECT! 3s 3p Cl

  16. + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES Cl NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE A NOBLE GAS, LIKE Ar? 3s 3p IT COULD GAIN AN ELECTRON! Cl

  17. + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES Cl NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE A NOBLE GAS, LIKE Ar? 3s 3p IT COULD GAIN AN ELECTRON! Cl

  18. -18 e’s + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WHAT DOES Cl NEED TO DO TO BECOME LIKE A NOBLE GAS, LIKE Ar? 3s 17 p’s 3p -1 charge -1 IT COULD GAIN AN ELECTRON! Cl

  19. SO WHAT’S THE BOTTOM LINE? AN ATOM WILL SHARE, LOSE OR GAIN ENOUGH ELECTRONS TO BECOME MORE STABLE WITH 8 ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTERMOST ENERGY LEVEL. AND THEN IT WILL BOND WITH ANOTHER ATOM OF A DIFFERENT ELEMENT.

  20. THINK ABOUT IT… FROM OUR PREVIOUS EXAMPLE SODIUM HAD AN EXTRA ELECTRON AND GAVE IT AWAY TO CHLORINE, WHICH WAS IN NEED OF ANOTHER ELECTRON. THIS FORMED A BRAND NEW COMPOUND, NaCl IN WHICH BOTH ELEMENTS WERE MORE STABLE

  21. + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AN ELECTRON IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE Na ATOM TO THE Cl ATOM Na Cl

  22. + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - BOTH ATOMS ARE HAPPY, THEY BOTH HAVE 8 ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTERMOST ENERGY LEVEL. THIS IS AN IONIC COMPOUND -1 +1 Na Cl

  23. OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS ATT-RACT EACH OTHER AND FORM AN IONIC BOND THAT IS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL, LOOKING AT THE STRUCTURE OF SALT SHOWS THAT THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN IONS IS SO GREAT THAT MANY SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IONS BECOME INVOLVED

  24. CATIONS & ANIONS ARE PULLED TOGETHER IN A TIGHTLY PACKED STRUCTURE, WHICH GIVES IT A DISTINCTIVE STACKED SHAPE THE SMALLEST STACK OF THESE ANIONS AND CATIONS IS CALLED A UNIT CELL. UNIT CELLS ARE STACKED TOGE-THER TO MAKE UP A CRYSTAL LATTICE.

  25. PREDICTING THE FORMATION OF IONIC CMPNDS WE CAN PREDICT THE COMBINATIONS OF IONS AND THE FORMATION OF THEIR IONIC FORMULAS, KNOWING HOW IONS INTERACT WE CAN HAVE 2 DIFFERENT KINDS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS FORMED: BINARY OR TERNARY

  26. WRITING IONIC FORMULAS THERE ARE A COUPLE OF RULES TO FOLLOW TO MAKE SURE THAT THE PROPER IONIC FORMULA IS WRITTEN.

  27. RULE #1 IONS WILL COMBINE INSMALL WHOLE NUMBERRATIOSTHAT ADD TO GIVE ANEUTRALCOMPOUND. THE IONS’ CHARGES MUST ADD UP TO ZERO 3(+1) + (-3) = 0 +2 + (-2) = 0

  28. RULE #2 IT’S BETTER TO BEPOSITIVE THAN NEGATIVE THE POSITIVE ION ISALWAYS WRITTEN FIRST. NaCl ClNa

  29. +1 -1 K I KI + +2 -2 MgO Mg O + SOME IONIC COMPNDS AUTOMATICALLY HAVE CHARGES THAT ADD UP TO ZERO.

  30. WHAT IF WE WERE FORMING IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH IONS WHOSE CHARGES DIDN’T ADD UP TO A CHARGE OF EXACTLY 0? HOW DO WE DECIDE THE RATIO OF THE IONS?

  31. +3 -1 Al Cl + +3 -1 -1 -1 AlCl Al Cl Cl Cl + 3 =2 WHAT IF WE HAD THREE CHLORINE IONS?

  32. IT WILL TAKE 3 Cl-1 IONS TO EQUAL ONE Al+3 ION. WE HAVE A TRICK THAT WILL HELP US KNOW THE NUMBER OF THE IONS TO MAKE A NEUTRAL COMPOUND. IT’S NOT A TRICK SO MUCH AS A SHORTCUT!

  33. +3 -1 Al Cl AlCl + 3 +2 -3 Ca P Ca P + 3 2 CRISS-CROSS RULE:

  34. USING POLYATOMIC IONS TO WRITE THE FORMULAS FOR COMPOUNDS CONTAINING POLYATOMIC IONS, FOLLOW THE RULES FOR WRITING FORMULAS FOR BINARY COMPOUNDS, WITH ONE EXTRA CONSIDERATION.

  35. USING POLYATOMIC IONS WRITE PARENTHESES AROUND THE GROUP REPRESENTING THE POLYATOMIC ION WHEN MORE THAN ONE OF THE ION IS NEEDED TO DEVELOP THE PROPER RATIO.

  36. -1 OH + +3 Al Al(OH) 3 -2 +1 Na SO + 4 Na SO 4 2

  37. NAMING THEM • MOST OF THE TIME YOU CAN NAME AN IONIC COMPOUND BY • 1) WRITING THE NAME OF THE FIRST ELEMENT • 2) WRITING THEROOTOF THE NAME OF THE SECOND ELEMENT • 3) ADDING-IDETO THE ROOT

  38. NAMING THEM CaCl2  K3P  Al2S3 Calcium chloride Potassium phosphide Aluminum sulfide

  39. NAMING THEM SOME OF OUR METALS HAVE MORE THAN ONE IONIC CHARGE 1) WE HAVE TO FIGURE OUT WHICH CHARGE THE METAL HAS 2) THEN WE DESIGNATE THAT PARTICULAR METAL WITH A ROMAN NUMERAL

  40. NAMING THEM FeCl2  FeCl3 PbBr2 Iron(II) chloride Iron (III) chloride Lead (II) bromide

  41. NAMING THEM IF THE COMPOUND HAS A POLYATOMIC ION IN IT 1) NAME THE FIRST ELEMENT 2) THEN NAME THE POLYATOMIC ION

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